Nutritional requirements and effect of culture conditions on the performance of the African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ): a review

Synergistic Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Sodium Butyrate, β-Glucan and Vitamins on Growth Performance, Cortisol Level, Intestinal Microbiome and Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Juvenile African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

“…The tested preparation also included vitamins: C, A, D3, E and K, which are an important component of the fish diet due to the lack of or insufficient synthesis by the fish body [3,32]. One of the better-studied vitamins in the nutrition of African catfish is vitamin C. Its supplementation brings several benefits, such as faster weight gain and a healthy body experience [52].…”

“…Aquaculture has been identified by The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as the fastest-growing food production sector [2]. Among the fish species with very high aquaculture potential is the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) [3,4]. This species is very popular among consumers due to the taste and dietary properties of the meat.…”

“…It is also important to supplement the basic fish diet with vitamins [3]. This is justified by the fact that some vitamins are not synthesized in the body of fish or their synthesis is insufficient to meet the body's needs [32].…”

“…This is justified by the fact that some vitamins are not synthesized in the body of fish or their synthesis is insufficient to meet the body's needs [32]. Vitamins of particular importance for the proper development of the fish body are C (ascorbic acid), A (retinol), D3 (cholecalciferol), E (α-tocopherol) and K2 (menaquinone) [3]. Most commercial fish feeds contain inappropriate levels of vitamins, especially for species with very fast growth rates.…”