Nutritional Requirements and Assessing Nutritional Status in Camelids

Saun, Robert J. Van

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.03.003

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These included age and sex, food management (n = 4), herd characteristics (n = 2), general farm management (n = 4), and clinical signs (n = 4). Additionally, body condition score (BCS) was determined by the same person using a preset 5‐point scoring system . External palpation of the maxilla and mandible also was performed to detect bony enlargements, fistulous tracts, or both.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 2: Risk factors associated with diastemata, periodontitis, occlusal pulp exposure, wear abnormalities, and malpositioned teeth

Proost

Pardon

Pollaris

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Dental disorders, of which tooth root abscesses are best documented, are highly prevalent in alpacas. Identification of risk factors can be valuable for prevention of dental disorders in this species. Hypothesis/Objectives To identify risk factors associated with wear abnormalities, malpositioning, diastemata, periodontal disease (PD), and occlusal pulp exposure at the level of the cheek teeth. Animals Two hundred twenty‐eight alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from 25 farms. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Dental examinations were performed on sedated animals. Risk factors were determined by clinical examination and interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for wear abnormalities, malpositioned teeth, diastemata, PD, and occlusal pulp exposure. Results Mandibular swelling was significantly associated with PD (odds ratio [OR], 11.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.27‐48.81; P < .001). Nearly 73% of included animals with mandibular swelling concurrently had PD. For every increase in herd size of 1 animal, the risk for PD increased by 2% (95% CI, 1‐4%; P = .01). The association between severe stages of PD and body condition score (BCS) indicates a painful situation, impairing animal welfare (P < .001). For each 1‐day increase in interval between pasture cleanings, the odds of finding pulp exposure for a single animal was estimated to increase by 1% (95% CI, 0‐2%; P = .05). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Simple management tools such as measuring BCS, palpating the mandible for bony swellings, removing feces from pasture on a regular basis and decreasing herd size might help identify animals at risk for dental disorders or prevent their development.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 2: Risk factors associated with diastemata, periodontitis, occlusal pulp exposure, wear abnormalities, and malpositioned teeth

Proost

Pardon

Pollaris

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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show abstract

“…Reported normal reference ranges for serum and plasma zinc concentrations in camelids are widely variable (Clauss and others 2004, Van Saun 2009). Specifically for alpacas, normal serum and plasma zinc concentrations are lower than that of llamas, sheep, cattle and goats (Clauss and others 2004, Krametter-Froetscher and others 2005, Judson and others 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is important since the majority of zinc is bound to albumin in serum, and therefore, if albumin level is low then it would falsely lower the zinc level as well (Lu and others 2008). The true development of zinc-responsive dermatosis in alpacas is debatable and it remains unclear if low serum and plasma zinc levels are truly due to absolute deficiency or relative deficiency from concurrent dermatological diseases (Van Saun 2006, Van Saun 2009). While zinc deficiency remains a controversial topic in alpacas, zinc-responsive dermatosis was strongly suspected for the alpacas in this case report due to their presenting clinical signs, low serum zinc levels, defining histopathological features and response to therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous candidiasis infection in two alpacas

Ho¹,

Cobiella²,

Walz³

et al. 2017

Vet Record Case Reports

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SummaryTwo six-year-old macho alpacas from southeastern Alabama were presented to our Large Animal Teaching Hospital for a two-week history of pruritic, ulcerative skin lesions around the eyes, hind legs and groin. Histopathology, bacterial culture and fungal culture revealed Candida species with secondary Staphylococcus aureus pyoderma. Blood zinc levels for both alpacas were considered to be below laboratory reference values. Both alpacas were treated with topical antiseptic, antibiotic and antifungal therapy along with systemic therapy using injectable ceftiofur, and dietary zinc supplementation was initiated. Ulcerative skin lesions resolved following about four weeks of antimicrobial therapy. Scaling and crusting lesions resolved after about six weeks of dietary zinc supplementation. At 180 days after presentation, both alpacas were doing well with no new lesions. This is the first case report of successfully treated cutaneous candidiasis in the alpaca.

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“…The llama had a moderate body condition with a BCS of 2.5 (on a 1–5 scale)2 and a bodyweight of 51.5 kg. The rectal temperature was 38.5°C.…”

Section: Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia in a llama (Lama glama): treatment, regeneration and differential diagnoses

2018

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Anaemia is a common finding in South American camelids presented to the veterinary clinic. This report describes the case of a llama presented with general weakness and pale conjunctives, displaying severe anaemia with a Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of 6 per cent and suffering from haemonchosis. The animal was presented in lateral recumbency before being treated with whole blood transfusion. After administering a total volume of 850-ml blood, the clinical condition improved remarkably. Regeneration of the haematological parameters required several weeks, PCV increased from 6 per cent on day 0 to 23 per cent on day 28.

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Nutritional Requirements and Assessing Nutritional Status in Camelids

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 2: Risk factors associated with diastemata, periodontitis, occlusal pulp exposure, wear abnormalities, and malpositioned teeth

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 2: Risk factors associated with diastemata, periodontitis, occlusal pulp exposure, wear abnormalities, and malpositioned teeth

Cutaneous candidiasis infection in two alpacas

Anaemia in a llama (Lama glama): treatment, regeneration and differential diagnoses

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