Nutritional Regulation of Embryonic Survival, Growth, and Development

Reynolds, Lawrence P.; McLean, Kyle J; McCarthy, Kacie L; Diniz, Wellison J. S.; Menezes, Ana Clara B; Forcherio, J Chris; Scott, Ronald; Borowicz, P. P.; Ward, Alison K; Dahlen, Carl R; Caton, J. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_4

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The community structure and composition of the microbial community in the rumen are dynamic, and our current understanding is that they are influenced mainly by age and diet (Jami et al, 2013;Matthews et al, 2019). These latter observations are interesting as developmental outcomes also are influenced strongly by maternal age and diet (Reynolds and Caton, 2012;Reynolds et al, 2019Reynolds et al, , 2022.…”

Section: Ruminal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 98%

Bovine Animal Model for Studying the Maternal Microbiome, in utero Microbial Colonization and Their Role in Offspring Development and Fetal Programming

et al. 2022

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Recent developments call for further research on the timing and mechanisms involved in the initial colonization of the fetal/infant gut by the maternal microbiome and its role in Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Although progress has been made using primarily preterm infants, ethical and legal constraints hinder research progress in embryo/fetal-related research and understanding the developmental and mechanistic roles of the maternal microbiome in fetal microbial imprinting and its long-term role in early-life microbiome development. Rodent models have proven very good for studying the role of the maternal microbiome in fetal programming. However, some inherent limitations in these animal models make it challenging to study perinatal microbial colonization from a biomedical standpoint. In this review, we discuss the potential use of bovine animals as a biomedical model to study the maternal microbiome, in utero microbial colonization of the fetal gut, and their impact on offspring development and DOHaD.

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Section: Ruminal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 98%

Bovine Animal Model for Studying the Maternal Microbiome, in utero Microbial Colonization and Their Role in Offspring Development and Fetal Programming

et al. 2022

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“…Supranutritional Se fed to ewes throughout gestation also increased cell density and cell proliferation in the placenta in late pregnancy as well as lamb birth weights. As the placenta is the only source of exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and metabolic wastes between the fetal and maternal systems (50)(51)(52), the effects of Se on placental development may explain, at least in part, the effects of supranutritional Se on fetal growth and development.…”

Section: Selenium Supplementation During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium supplementation and pregnancy outcomes

Dahlen

Reynolds²,

Caton³

2022

Front. Nutr.

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In vertebrates and invertebrates, selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, and Se deficiency or excess is associated with gonadal insufficiency and gamete dysfunction in both males and females, leading to implantation failure, altered embryonic development and, ultimately, infertility. During pregnancy, Se excess or deficiency is associated with miscarriage, pre-eclampsia (hypertension of pregnancy), gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. None of this is surprising, as Se is present in high concentrations in the ovary and testes, and work in animal models has shown that addition of Se to culture media improves embryo development and survival in vitro in association with reduced reactive oxygen species and less DNA damage. Selenium also affects uterine function and conceptus growth and gene expression, again in association with its antioxidant properties. Similarly, Se improves testicular function including sperm count, morphology and motility, and fertility. In animal models, supplementation of Se in the maternal diet during early pregnancy improves fetal substrate supply and alters fetal somatic and organ growth. Supplementation of Se throughout pregnancy in cows and sheep that are receiving an inadequate or excess dietary intake affected maternal whole-body and organ growth and vascular development, and also affected expression of angiogenic factors in maternal and fetal organs. Supplemental Se throughout pregnancy also affected placental growth, which may partly explain its effects on fetal growth and development, and also affected mammary gland development, colostrum yield and composition as well as postnatal development of the offspring. In conclusion, Se supplementation in nutritionally compromised pregnancies can potentially improve fertility and pregnancy outcomes, and thereby improve postnatal growth and development. Future research efforts should examine in more detail and more species the potential benefits of Se supplementation to reproductive processes in mammals.

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“…Embryogenesis is a precisely controlled biological process for reprogramming the metabolic state of the cell and driving a single cell to a mature organism [67,68]. Embryogenesis is closely associated with activation and/or repression of genes within a developmental timeline [69,70]. This process is tightly and precisely regulated by various factors, such as transcription factors, microRNAs, growth factors and signaling pathways [71][72][73][74][75] (Table 1) (Figure 2).…”

Section: Embryogenesis Regulated By Other Redox-related Genes Transcr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Redox Homeostasis and Embryogenesis

Chen

Tjong

Yang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Normal embryogenesis requires complex regulation and precision, which depends on multiple mechanistic details. Defective embryogenesis can occur by various mechanisms. Maintaining redox homeostasis is of importance during embryogenesis. NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Oxidative stress differentially influences cell fate and embryogenesis. While low levels of stress (eustress) by ROS and RNS promote cell growth and differentiation, supra-physiological concentrations of ROS and RNS can lead to cell demise and embryonic lethality. G6PD-deficient cells and organisms have been used as models in embryogenesis for determining the role of redox signaling in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Embryogenesis is also modulated by anti-oxidant enzymes, transcription factors, microRNAs, growth factors and signaling pathways, which are dependent on redox regulation. Crosstalk among transcription factors, microRNAs and redox signaling is essential for embryogenesis.

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Nutritional Regulation of Embryonic Survival, Growth, and Development

Cited by 23 publications

References 101 publications

Bovine Animal Model for Studying the Maternal Microbiome, in utero Microbial Colonization and Their Role in Offspring Development and Fetal Programming

Bovine Animal Model for Studying the Maternal Microbiome, in utero Microbial Colonization and Their Role in Offspring Development and Fetal Programming

Selenium supplementation and pregnancy outcomes

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Redox Homeostasis and Embryogenesis

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