Nutritional Modulation of the Inflammatory Bowel Response

Ioannidis, Orestis; Varnalidis, Ioannis; Paraskevas, George; Botsios, Dimitrios

doi:10.1159/000323456

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Antioxidant vitamins and antioxidant-related trace metals in IBD mucosa. A number of reports are available on the level of b-carotene and vitamins A, C, and E, in the plasma/serum of patients with CD or UC (213,104). The large majority of these studies found a deficient blood content of antioxidant vitamins in IBD.…”

Section: Impairment Of Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms, Redox Considerations, and Therapeutic Targets

Biasi

Leonarduzzi

Oteiza

et al. 2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

223

145

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Oxidative stress is thought to play a key role in the development of intestinal damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), because of its primary involvement in intestinal cells' aberrant immune and inflammatory responses to dietary antigens and to the commensal bacteria. During the active disease phase, activated leukocytes generate not only a wide spectrum of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also excess oxidative reactions, which markedly alter the redox equilibrium within the gut mucosa, and maintain inflammation by inducing redoxsensitive signaling pathways and transcription factors. Moreover, several inflammatory molecules generate further oxidation products, leading to a self-sustaining and auto-amplifying vicious circle, which eventually impairs the gut barrier. The current treatment of IBD consists of long-term conventional anti-inflammatory therapy and often leads to drug refractoriness or intolerance, limiting patients' quality of life. Immune modulators or anti-tumor necrosis factor a antibodies have recently been used, but all carry the risk of significant side effects and a poor treatment response. Recent developments in molecular medicine point to the possibility of treating the oxidative stress associated with IBD, by designing a proper supplementation of specific lipids to induce local production of anti-inflammatory derivatives, as well as by developing biological therapies that target selective molecules (i.e., nuclear factor-jB, NADPH oxidase, prohibitins, or inflammasomes) involved in redox signaling. The clinical significance of oxidative stress in IBD is now becoming clear, and may soon lead to important new therapeutic options to lessen intestinal damage in this disease.

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Section: Impairment Of Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms, Redox Considerations, and Therapeutic Targets

Biasi

Leonarduzzi

Oteiza

et al. 2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

223

145

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“…Therefore, EN, if tolerated, represents the feeding route of choice [71]. In table 1, we demonstrate potential mechanisms of action of the nutritional agents [72,73]. …”

Section: Composition Of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Nutrition and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functionality

Anastasilakis¹,

Ioannidis

Gkiomisi

et al. 2013

Digestion

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The gastrointestinal tract has a major role in digestion and absorption of nutrients while playing a leading role in defense of the body. It forms a shield against the invasion of various microorganisms or their products (e.g. antigens, toxins) and therefore it is important to establish its integrity and functionality. That depends on the route of administration and the composition of the artificial nutrition. This study concentrates on the influences of different kinds of artificial nutrition in the functionality of the intestinal mucosal barriers. It seems that full macromolecular solutions of enteral nutrition ensure an adequate mucous immune response, while a lack of nutritional stimulus in the lumen leads rapidly to a dysfunction of gastric-associated lymphatic tissue and mucosal immune system. This dysfunction renders the patients susceptible to infections in distant organs, hospital pneumonia, and multiorgan failure of non-infectious etiology. In patients with indication of total parenteral nutrition administration, addition of bombesin or glutamine preserves mucosal immune response and may limit the adverse effects.

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“…Many studies have confirmed the important role of lipids in the diet to regulate inflammatory processes in different diseases, as they are the fundamental component of cell membranes, including those of lymphocytes and other immune cells, which orchestrate immune system responses (Ioannidis et al, 2011). Some studies have shown that high-fat diets have been associated with an imbalance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells and therefore with increased risk for UC what was confirmed in mouse models of experimental colitis.…”

Section: The Role Of Fats In Ulcerative Colitismentioning

confidence: 87%