Nutritional limitations during poultry embryonic development

Uni, Zehava; Yadgary, Liran; Yair, R.

doi:10.3382/japr.2011-00478

Cited by 92 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…After the digestion of the egg white and endogenous yolk proteins, they probably transfer by endocytosis or through the membrane peptide and amino acid transporters into the endodermal cells of the yolk sac as previously suggested in other avian species (Yoshizaki et al 2004;Nakazawa et al 2011;Yadgary et al 2011;Dong et al 2012;Speier et al 2012;Uni et al 2012). Then, they may reach the extraembryonic blood vessels in the mesoderm which deliver them into the developing embryo (Yoshizaki et al 2004;Nakazawa et al 2011;Sheng & Foley 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protease activity in the egg yolk during the development of Meleagris gallopavo (Galliformes: Phasianidae) embryos

Shbailat

Qanadilo

Alsoubani

2016

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The egg white and egg yolk are the two main sources of nutrients for the developing avian embryo. Egg white ultimately reaches egg yolk before being consumed by the embryo. Previously, in the turkey Meleagris gallopavo, we showed that the major egg white transfer into the yolk through the amnion and intestinal lumen of the embryo started on day 17 and became obvious on day 19. We also suggested that the transferred egg white and endogenous yolk proteins undergo digestion at late developmental stages. However, the protease activity throughout development and the type of activated proteases are completely unexplored in the yolk of turkey eggs. Here, we measured the general proteolytic activity in the egg yolk during different developmental stages using casein as a substrate. Furthermore, we determined the type of activated proteases by employing different types of protease inhibitors. Protease activity in the egg yolk was basal throughout development until day 19 when activity significantly increased, remaining high thereafter. Moreover, acidic aspartic protease(s) were primarily activated in the yolk. Our results suggest that the transferred egg white and endogenous yolk proteins are mostly degraded by the aspartic proteases that become highly activated late in development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protease activity in the egg yolk during the development of Meleagris gallopavo (Galliformes: Phasianidae) embryos

Shbailat

Qanadilo

Alsoubani

2016

Italian Journal of Zoology

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“…8-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively, between days 0 and 12 of incubation (Packard and Packard 1991). A similar increase is found in the concentrations of certain essential and non-essential trace elements, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr), measured in the eggs and embryos of the Green Sea Turtle Chelonia mydas (Ikonomopoulou et al 2013); conversely, the concentrations of most micronutrients and trace elements in the shells reportedly decrease during embryonic development (Yalçin-Ö zdilek et al 2011;Uni et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Overall, this pattern appears to be similar between altricial and precocial birds (Romanoff 1967;Simkiss 1961; reviewed in Packard and Packard 1991;Deeming 2002;Uni et al 2012). Avian embryos have three sources of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus to support embryogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…During their embryonic development, however, avian (and also reptilian) eggs undergo dramatic structural and anatomical changes in both the calcareous shell (resulting in progressive embryo-induced eggshell thinning due to calcium removal; e.g., Balkan et al 2006;Castilla et al 2010a) and the egg contents (where the developing embryo resorbs calcium and other elements, initially from the yolk and subsequently from the shell). This process fundamentally alters the concentrations of certain essential elements in both parts of the egg (Packard and Packard 1991;Uni et al 2012; reviewed in Van Dyke et al 2013, 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of these physiological processes in eggs, the timing of their collection is critical for assessing levels of minerals in the shell and contents (Packard and Packard 1991;Yalçin-Ö zdilek et al 2011;Uni et al 2012;Ikonomopoulou et al 2013;Van Dyke et al 2013, 2014. For instance, the total amounts of calcium and magnesium in the egg contents of the altricial Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus increase ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pattern of distribution and interaction of metals and calcium in eggshells and egg contents in relation to the embryonic development of eggs in a small passerine bird

et al. 2016

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Differences in element concentrations have been observed between embryonated and non-embryonated eggs of the Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus, presumably due to the resorption of calcium and other elements from the shell. To investigate this difference, we tested the hypotheses that (1) the distribution of elements in eggshells and egg contents, (2) the individual element-element relationships between shells and contents, and (3) the relationships among the elements in eggshells and egg contents vary between the two egg samples. Based on the levels of 11 elements (Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mg and Ca) in Reed Warbler eggs, our results confirmed the second and third hypotheses. Importantly, we found that embryonic development tended to blur the lines between two types of relationships: (1) between elements in eggshells and egg contents through an increase in the number of significant correlations, some of which may be enhanced by high levels of certain elements (Cd, Co, Pb, Zn are indicative of trace metal pollution in fish ponds); (2) among the various elements in eggshells and egg contents, as demonstrated by the differential grouping of elements in principal components analysis (PCA). The consistent positive direction of relationships for almost all elements in both the shells and contents of eggs is presumed to result from the initial parallel co-sequestration of all the elements which accompanies intensive calcium transfer from the female body into the incipient egg. Our study highlights the fact that only limited inferences can be drawn from the interactions of metals and calcium in eggshells and egg contents if the fertility status of the eggs is unknown.

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Bioengineered three‐dimensional transparent eggshell as a chicken embryo experimentation platform for biomedical research

Ishak

Chan

Ang

et al. 2020

Engineering Reports

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The chicken embryo is widely used as an experimental model in the areas of regenerative medicine, tumor biology, and angiogenesis. Eggshell opacity and rigidity present restricted three-dimensional (3D) viewing and accessibility to the embryo and its circulatory network despite egg windowing. The ability to engineer an eggshell, which eliminates the opacity yet provides 3D access for manipulation is beneficial and would potentially make it enticing for the use of chicken embryo as a cheaper alternative vertebrate model.Here, we present the feasibility of fabricating a morphologically analogous transparent chicken eggshell made of polydimethylsiloxane using a biaxial rotation computer-controlled bioreactor to achieve uniform thickness. By culturing chicken embryo in the bioengineered eggshell, we demonstrated success in meeting developmental milestones and its practicality as an experimental platform by visualizing both embryo and vasculature development using common laboratory imaging tools. Although the viability of the embryo in the bioengineered eggshell was lower than in the normal egg, this was attributed to the absence of calcium source. The bioengineered eggshell, in its initial stage of development, provides a platform to be used to investigate beyond gross observations of the embryo and vascular network in 3D optical clarity and its imaging capabilities has the potential to be extended to other imaging modalities. We have developed a transparent ex ovo eggshell, biomimicking the elliptical geometry to address the lack of 3D optical clarity contributed by the eggshell opacity.This retains the natural shape that may support the development of the chicken embryo and allows easy access to the embryo, its circulatory system and respective organ development in far reaching applications. K E Y W O R D Sbioengineering, chicken embryo, fabrication, imaging, rotation moldingThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.The use of chicken embryo as an experimental model confers several advantages over other vertebrate models. It is a unique model, which allows relatively easy access to the embryo and its circulatory system, rendering the possibility for embryo manipulation and monitoring of the chicken embryo development from blastoderm formation until hatching. The chicken embryo is an inexpensive model with a relatively short embryonic development of 21 days. 1,2 In addition, they are ethically acceptable, only requiring animal ethics approval if hatching is expected. Moreover, its amenability to xenografting due to its naturally immunodeficient system in the first 2 weeks of development allows cell transplantation and cell tracking without rejection, rendering it an attractive model widely used in tumor biology, angiogenesis, and regenerative medicine studies. 3-11 These embryo manipulations and visualizati...

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Nutritional limitations during poultry embryonic development

Cited by 92 publications

References 27 publications

Protease activity in the egg yolk during the development of Meleagris gallopavo (Galliformes: Phasianidae) embryos

Protease activity in the egg yolk during the development of Meleagris gallopavo (Galliformes: Phasianidae) embryos

The pattern of distribution and interaction of metals and calcium in eggshells and egg contents in relation to the embryonic development of eggs in a small passerine bird

Bioengineered three‐dimensional transparent eggshell as a chicken embryo experimentation platform for biomedical research

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