Nutritional interventions or exposures in infants and children aged up to 3 years and their effects on subsequent risk of overweight, obesity and body fat: a systematic review of systematic reviews

Patro-Gołąb, Bernadeta; Zalewski, B.; Kołodziej, Maciej; Kouwenhoven, Stefanie M. P.; Poston, Lucilla; Godfrey, K. M.; Koletzko, Berthold; Goudoever, Johannes B. van; Szajewska, Hania

doi:10.1111/obr.12745

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…Two systematic reviews and one systematic review of systematic reviews assessed the intake and status of LCPUFA in infancy on later obesity, BMI, or body composition. These reviews identified eight interventional and observational studies assessing different forms of PUFA intake or status (fish oils, dietary supplements, dietary intake, or measured levels of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant and young child feeding interventions targeting overweight and obesity: A narrative review

et al. 2019

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findings from systematic reviews into infant feeding and later adiposity are largely negative. World Health Organization (WHO) is auspicing Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI), a suite of trials aiming to prevent overweight/obesity in childhood. To inform planning, this narrative review sought to detail potentially effective components of nutrition-related interventions involving children aged 0 to 2 years.Systematic searches of PubMed and the Cochrane Library (2006-2016) identified 108 systematic reviews. These included 31 randomized trials in the age group of interest.Of these, 11 reported greater than or equal to 1 statistically significant (P < 0.05) benefit on body weight and/or composition. Six multicomponent trials whose interventions incorporated education to promote breastfeeding (four trials), responsive feeding (two trials), and healthy diet (eg, increasing fruit and vegetables and limiting unhealthy snack foods; five trials), delivered through home visits or at baby health clinics, reported relative reductions in body mass index (BMI) at the end of intervention. Early benefits were not maintained in the two trials reporting follow-up 1 to 3 years later. Other potentially effective approaches included lower protein formulas in formula-fed infants and education around reducing sugar-sweetened beverages. There is some evidence that infant feeding interventions can have a transient positive impact on a child's BMI. It is not known whether ongoing intervention can avoid the subsequent expected wash-out.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant and young child feeding interventions targeting overweight and obesity: A narrative review

et al. 2019

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“…The positive genetic link between PROTEIN and BMI could reflect a causal effect of relative protein intake. There is some evidence from randomized trials with infants, which found a causal relationship between high-protein baby formula and infant body fat 76 . While the underlying biological mechanisms are unclear, high consumption of protein or certain types of amino acids (i.e., building blocks of protein) can induce insulin resistance [77][78][79] , rapamycin signaling 72 , and growth factor signaling 80 , thereby increasing metabolic dysfunction and early mortality risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of diet composition finds novel loci and associations with health and lifestyle

Koellinger

Meddens

Vlaming

et al. 2018

Preprint

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AbstractWe conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of relative caloric intake from fat, protein, carbohydrates and sugar in over 235,000 individuals. We identified 21 approximately independent lead SNPs. Relative protein intake exhibits the strongest relationships with poor health, including positive genetic associations with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease (rg ≈ 0.15 – 0.5). Relative carbohydrate and sugar intake have negative genetic correlations with waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and neighborhood poverty (|rg| ≈ 0.1 – 0.3). Overall, our results show that the relative intake of each macronutrient has a distinct genetic architecture and pattern of genetic correlations suggestive of health implications beyond caloric content.

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“…22 A systematic review of systematic reviews suggests that obesity risk at 3 years is substantially lower in breastfed, compared to formula-fed, infants. 23 Because most of the evidence is from observational studies, it is important to note that risk of residual confounding is present.…”

Section: Dietary Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

What exposures in early life are risk factors for childhood obesity?

Mihrshahi

Baur

2018

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Globally, estimates show that 41 million children younger than 5 years of age are affected by overweight and obesity. In many regions of the world, these prevalence rates have increased dramatically, especially in low- and middle-income countries, making childhood obesity a global policy issue. Recent data show that many children are already affected by overweight or obesity by the time they start school; hence, the examination of early exposures, with interventions around these exposures, is warranted. In this review, we outline the main modifiable exposures in early life that can lead to an increased risk of obesity. These exposures can be broadly categorised into parental factors such as obesity and gestational diabetes; dietary exposures in early life, including breastfeeding and complementary feeding and feeding behaviours; physical activity, sedentary behaviours and sleep; and environmental exposures such as maternal exposure to tobacco. We also identify research gaps and opportunities for further research.

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Nutritional interventions or exposures in infants and children aged up to 3 years and their effects on subsequent risk of overweight, obesity and body fat: a systematic review of systematic reviews

Abstract: Nutritional interventions or exposures in infants and children aged up to 3 years and their effects on subsequent risk of overweight, obesity and body fat: a systematic review of systematic reviews.

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

Infant and young child feeding interventions targeting overweight and obesity: A narrative review

Infant and young child feeding interventions targeting overweight and obesity: A narrative review

Genomic analysis of diet composition finds novel loci and associations with health and lifestyle

What exposures in early life are risk factors for childhood obesity?

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