Nutritional Intake in Australian Football Players: Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake

Lohman, Rachel; Carr, Amelia J.; Condo, Dominique

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0031

Cited by 33 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Previous research has shown that Australian athletes have low NK scores 8,16-18 and fail to comply with best-practice sports nutrition guidelines. 19,20 As NK is one factor that can influence nutrition behaviour, 2,3 it is pertinent to explore the preferred information sources that athletes use, and how preferences influence NK. This is one of the first papers to investigate these topics in Australian team sports athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data for previous sources of advice, preferred sources of nutrition information and preferred types of nutritioneducation support were assessed for the whole cohort and stratified based on age (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), ≥36 years), gender (male, female), level of education (high school, diploma and university), and level of sport played (elite, non-elite). Differences in these responses based on participant characteristics were assessed using χ 2 analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Australian team sports athletes prefer dietitians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information

Trakman

Forsyth

Hoye

et al. 2019

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aim To evaluate the information sources that are used and preferred by Australian athletes and to assess if preferences influence nutrition knowledge (NK). Methods Elite and non‐elite Australian team sport athletes, playing Australian football (AF), cricket, lawn bowls, soccer or hockey, were recruited via the sporting organisations' qualified sports dietitians or club presidents. Athletes completed one of two online, validated sports NK questionnaires. Frequency analysis on previous sources of advice, preferred sources of information and preferred type of support were assessed. Differences in NK scores (%) based on previous sources of dietary advice and preferences for obtaining information were assessed using t test or Mann‐Whitney U test. Results Demographic and information source questions were completed by 410 athletes; 331 also completed NK questions. Athletes were mostly non‐elite (76%) and AF players (79%). Forty‐four per cent of athletes reported having previously received advice from a dietitian. Twenty per cent, 19% and 16% of athletes chose “dietitian,” “internet” and “nutritionist” as their preferred source of nutrition information, respectively. Athletes preferred information on sports nutrition (35%), individual consultations (33%), and information on general healthy eating (33%), over cooking classes (4%) and group presentations (3%). There were no significant associations between preferred and previous information sources and NK scores. Conclusions Australian athletes prefer dietitians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information. There is an interest in and need for access to a qualified sports dietitian and reputable internet‐based nutrition information. Education programs and advice given to athletes need to be evaluated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Australian team sports athletes prefer dietitians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information

Trakman

Forsyth

Hoye

et al. 2019

Nutrition & Dietetics

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“…Carbohydrate requirements are reduced during low-intensity exercise of up to one hour (3–5 g⋅k −1 ⋅d −1 BM) [6]. Contrary to recommendations, previous studies have reported relatively low carbohydrate intakes in male AFL players (<5 g⋅kg −1 ⋅d −1 ) [5,7,8], and similar intakes have been identified in Australian female athletes from a range of individual and team sports [9]. While the recommended carbohydrate intake for high-intensity exercise is well established, the consistently reported low carbohydrate intake in team sport athletes may suggest that the physical demands of these sports require less carbohydrate than current recommendations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Intake, Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Energy Availability in Female Australian Rules Football Players

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to assess nutritional intake, sports nutrition knowledge and risk of Low Energy Availability (LEA) in female Australian rules football players. Victorian Football League Women’s competition (VFLW) players (n = 30) aged 18–35 (weight: 64.5 kg ± 8.0; height: 168.2 cm ± 7.6) were recruited from Victoria, Australia. Nutritional intake was quantified on training days using the Automated 24 h Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24-Australia), and sports nutrition knowledge was measured by the 88-item Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SNKQ). The risk of LEA was assessed using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q). Daily mean carbohydrate intake in the current investigation was 3 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1, therefore, below the minimum carbohydrate recommendation for moderate exercise of approximately one hour per day (5–7 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1) and for moderate to intense exercise for 1–3 h per day (6–10 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1) for 96.3% and 100% of players, respectively. Daily mean protein intake was 1.5 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1, therefore, consistent with recommendations (1.2–2.0 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1) for 77.8% of players. Daily mean calcium intake was 924.8 mg⋅d−1, therefore, below recommendations (1000 mg⋅d−1) for 65.5% of players, while mean iron intake was 12.2 mg⋅d−1, also below recommendations (18 mg⋅d−1) for 100% of players. Players answered 54.5% of SNKQ questions correctly, with the lowest scores observed in the section on supplements. Risk of LEA was evident in 30% of players, with no differences in carbohydrate (p = 0.238), protein (p = 0.296), fat (p = 0.490) or energy (p = 0.971) intakes between players at risk of LEA and those not at risk. The results suggest that female Australian rules football players have an inadequate intake of carbohydrate and calcium and low sports nutrition knowledge. Further investigation to assess the risk of LEA using direct measures is required.

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“…Adapting nutrient intake for current desired body weight or body composition is consistent with Jenner et al (2018) who stated that particularly around body composition assessment times in the AFL season, footballers were not meeting the daily nutrient intake guidelines. Lohman et al (2018) found that the majority of Australian footballers in their study over-consumed protein and under-consumed carbohydrate. The misunderstanding of nutrition advice revealed in our study is consistent with Lohman, Carr, and Condo (2018) and Trakman et al (2018) who found that Australian footballers' sports nutrition knowledge was "poor".…”

Section: Club Guidancementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Lohman et al (2018) found that the majority of Australian footballers in their study over-consumed protein and under-consumed carbohydrate. The misunderstanding of nutrition advice revealed in our study is consistent with Lohman, Carr, and Condo (2018) and Trakman et al (2018) who found that Australian footballers' sports nutrition knowledge was "poor".…”

Section: Club Guidancementioning

confidence: 84%

Life Skill Development and Transfer beyond Sport

Agnew

Jackson

Pill

et al. 2019

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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The aim of this research was to investigate the current life skills education programs offered by the Australian Football League (AFL) for elite footballers in order to determine the retention of life skill knowledge and transfer beyond sport. Life skill education in sport is an increasing phenomenon. Life skills sport programs are capable of delivering positive outcomes when nurtured through a deliberately designed curriculum and purposeful teaching strategies. However, it is not known how life skills are learned and importantly what the impact of life skills education on long term behavioural changes is. It is apparent from the literature that there is a need to identify how knowledge is acquired and importantly retained through life skills education programs. This was a qualitative research project from a life history perspective. Twenty footballers who had been delisted from an elite Australian football club and had subsequently returned to a South Australian state-based football club took part in semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed through an inductive thematic analysis. Two themes emerged from the data: football related development and holistic development. It was clear that football clubs placed importance on the development of life skills that transfer beyond the sport. However, given the footballers in this research have not fully transferred into life after sport, their perception of the broader transferability of their life-skill development beyond sport is limited. This research concludes that the current format of life skill education (delivering content) that the players in this study were exposed to was not effective because the players failed to be able to make connections from the program to life outside of football. Therefore, the programs are unlikely to have any long-term benefit to player health and well-being during their post-elite football life.

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Nutritional Intake in Australian Football Players: Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

Australian team sports athletes prefer dietitians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information

Australian team sports athletes prefer dietitians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information

Nutritional Intake, Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Energy Availability in Female Australian Rules Football Players

Life Skill Development and Transfer beyond Sport

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