Nutritional Implications of Bariatric Surgery on Pregnancy Management—A Narrative Review of the Literature

Abstract

One in three women of reproductive age is obese. The mainstay treatment for obesity is bariatric surgery, and the following weight reduction results in a decrease in pregnancy adverse effects, including gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and macrosomia. However, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies due to changes in the gastrointestinal tract after bariatric surgery are associated with an increase in the risk of fetal growth retardation and small for gestational-age neonates. The purpose of this review was to analyze the available recent literature on the subject of the management of pregnancy after bariatric surgery. We searched for available articles from 2007 to 2023 and chose articles of the greatest scientific and clinical value. Micronutrient, vitamin, and protein supplementation is recommended in the prenatal period and throughout the pregnancy. It is advised that pregnant women with a history of bariatric surgery should be provided with regular specialist dietary care. There is still a lack of recommendations about the optimum gestational weight gain after different types of bariatric surgery and for patients of different metabolic statuses. Women of reproductive age undergoing bariatric procedures should be provided with appropriate counseling about adequate contraception, the recommended time-to-conception interval, and the positive and negative influence of bariatric surgery on perinatal outcomes.

Obesity Increases Maternal Complications in Pregnant Women of Sinop: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…In addition, it is important to mention that, in accordance with the review of Ró ża ńska-Walędziak et al (2023) [21], bariatric surgery (BS) is the mainstay treatment for obesity, and the effects of the reduction in body weight significantly decrease the incidence of maternal complications during pregnancy, including GDM, GAH and macrosomia. However, pregnant women that have BS should be alert for some nutritional and vitamin deficiencies, as these deficiencies due to changes in the gastrointestinal tract are associated with increased risk of fetal growth retardation and neonates who are small for their gestational age.…”