Nutritional homeostasis in carnivorous southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis): is there a mechanism for increased energy expenditure during carbohydrate overfeeding?
“…Farming of tunas is only now becoming a standard practice for T. orientalis (Sawada et al, 2005), and landbased aquaculture for T. maccoyii has been established in South Australia. A common aim of aquaculture research is to minimize SDA and therefore increase the amount of absorbed energy allocated to growth (LeGrow and Beamish, 1986;Fu and Xie, 2004). Measurements from this study indicate efficient food conversion in T. orientalis fed a standard diet at a water temperature of 20°C.…”
“…Farming of tunas is only now becoming a standard practice for T. orientalis (Sawada et al, 2005), and landbased aquaculture for T. maccoyii has been established in South Australia. A common aim of aquaculture research is to minimize SDA and therefore increase the amount of absorbed energy allocated to growth (LeGrow and Beamish, 1986;Fu and Xie, 2004). Measurements from this study indicate efficient food conversion in T. orientalis fed a standard diet at a water temperature of 20°C.…”
“…A high energy diet for the carnivorous fish species has been shown to be efficient to improve nutrient utilization (Martino et al, 2000). The majority of this high energy level comes from lipids and protein, due to the poor efficiency in utilizing carbohydrates (Fu and Xie, 2004). However, there is a limit to the increase in energy in the formulated diet, because the excess can lead to lipid deposition and decrease nitrogen retention in the fish body (National..., 1993).…”
Performance and nutrient utilization in South (18.0, 18.8, 19.6, 20.5, 21.3MJ/kg). No segundo experimento, os juvenis (170,03±3,35g) foram alimentados com dietas contendo cinco níveis de proteína (360, 400, 440, 480 e 520g/kg
“…During fasting, the respiration of well-fed D. magna decreases toward an asymptotic level. This lower level can be taken to be the basal or FMR of the animal (Fu and Xie 2004;Sigsgaard et al 2003). In this scenario, fully acclimated animals were rinsed with nutrient-free COMBO medium, transferred to new medium, and allowed to fast for 36 h. After fasting, the animals were rinsed again with nutrient-free COMBO medium and transferred to the respiration chamber in pure nutrient-free COMBO medium.…”
Section: Zooplankton Experimentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Basal metabolism depends not only on food quantity; food quality may also be important. Elevated BMRs seem to play a role in the disposal of excess C in some vertebrates (Curcio et al 1999;Even et al 2003;Fu and Xie 2004). In a heterogeneous food environment, where there are rapid changes in food quantity and quality, elevated fasting metabolic rates (FMRs) in response to high food C:P could be an advantageous strategy for Daphnia to dispose of excess C.…”
Like many invertebrate herbivores, Daphnia frequently face diets with excess carbon (C) relative to elements like phosphorus (P), and with limited ability to store C-rich compounds. To cope with this relative surplus of C they may either regulate the net uptake of C or dispose of excess assimilated C via increased release of dissolved organic carbon or CO(2). Here we investigate whether juvenile Daphnia magna use respiration as a means of stoichiometrically regulating excess C. Growth rate and respiration were measured under different algal food qualities (P-replete and P-depleted algae). Growth rate was strongly reduced by P-depleted food, implying a stoichiometric disposal of excess ingested C. Respiration rates of feeding animals were measured after short- (0.5 h), medium- (12 h) and long- (five days) term acclimation to P-limited food. The respiration rates of animals during active feeding were not affected by the acclimation period per se, whereas food quality had a significant effect; respiration rates of feeding animals increased slightly in individuals receiving low-P food under all acclimation regimes. Respiration was also measured on nonfeeding and fasting animals that had been acclimated for five days to P-limited food. Respiration rates of these animals were strongly affected by feeding conditions but not by food quality; feeding individuals had higher respiration rates than those deprived of food, which again had higher respiration than fasting animals. Although animals grown on low-P food had strongly reduced growth and thus were expected to have decreased respiration rates due to reduced growth-related costs, this seems to be canceled out by increased stoichiometric respiration under P-deficiency. These results indicate that D. magna partly releases excess C as CO(2), but other means of stoichiometric regulation most likely add to this.
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