Nutritional Genomics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Vasconcellos, Carolina; Ferreira, Oureana; Lopes, Marta Filipa; Ribeiro, André Filipe; Vasques, J.; Guerreiro, Catarina Sousa

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020319

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Most of the female participants in our study were postmenopausal women, making them susceptible to dietary choline deficiency. Sex, along with variations in lifestyle and nutrient status, can influence gene expression [ 55 ]. The sex-specific analyses performed in our study revealed genetic diversity in the interaction between genetics and nutrition in relation to the risk of NAFLD across individuals with different PEMT rs7946 variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEMT rs7946 Polymorphism and Sex Modify the Effect of Adequate Dietary Choline Intake on the Risk of Hepatic Steatosis in Older Patients with Metabolic Disorders

Chang

Chen

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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In humans, PEMT rs7946 polymorphism exerts sex-specific effects on choline requirement and hepatic steatosis (HS) risk. Few studies have explored the interaction effect of the PEMT rs7946 polymorphism and sex on the effect of adequate choline intake on HS risk. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between PEMT polymorphism and adequate choline intake on HS risk. We enrolled 250 older patients with metabolic disorders with (n = 152) or without (n = 98; control) ultrasonically diagnosed HS. An elevated PEMT rs7946 A allele level was associated with a lower HS risk and body mass index in both men and women. Dietary choline intake—assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire—was associated with reduced obesity in men only (p for trend < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the cutoff value of energy-adjusted choline intake for HS diagnosis was 448 mg/day in women (AUC: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.57–0.77) and 424 mg/day in men (AUC: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.57–0.76). In women, GG genotype and high choline intake (>448 mg/day) were associated with a 79% reduction in HS risk (adjusted OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05–0.82); notably, GA or AA genotype was associated with a reduced HS risk regardless of choline intake (p < 0.05). In men, GG genotype and high choline intake (>424 mg/day) were associated with a 3.7-fold increase in HS risk (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.19–11.9). Further adjustments for a high-density lipoprotein level and body mass index mitigated the effect of choline intake on HS risk. Current dietary choline intake may be inadequate for minimizing HS risk in postmenopausal Taiwanese women carrying the PEMT rs7946 GG genotype. Older men consuming more than the recommended amount of choline may have an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; this risk is mediated by a high-density lipoprotein level and obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEMT rs7946 Polymorphism and Sex Modify the Effect of Adequate Dietary Choline Intake on the Risk of Hepatic Steatosis in Older Patients with Metabolic Disorders

Chang

Chen

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition associated with genetic and environmental factors, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia in which fat abnormally accumulates in the liver. Different genetic polymorphisms seem to be involved in this context [68].…”

Section: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Nfldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Predictive Genomics

Kriegsmann,

Cirovic,

Casadonte

et al. 2024

Electron Microscopes, Spectroscopy and Their Applications

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Predictive genomics can support treatment decisions by giving people the chance to act in time to prevent serious illness. Tests based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can be analyzed by various methods. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry technology detects genetic variants based on their individual mass. Standardized workflow, automation, sensitivity, quick turnaround time, and reliability are the main advantages of the MALDI-TOF use in molecular analysis. Beside pharmacogenetics, SNP variation plays a role in various fields of medicine. In the present article importance of various SNPs for nutrigenetics is presented. Especially, various aspects of fat metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and intolerances were discussed.

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“…A calorie restriction diet or a low-calorie Mediterranean or vegetarian diet decreased or had no effect on f-SCFAs [ 30 , 31 ], but the effects of dietary fat quality modification on the SCFAs or BCAAs have not been reported yet. Interaction between the GG genotype of PNPLA3 , essential fatty acids and carbohydrates have been reported in NAFLD [ 32 ], but the interaction of PNPLA3 with SCFA and BCAA has not yet been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PNPLA3 Genotype and Dietary Fat Modify Concentrations of Plasma and Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids

Tauriainen,

Csader,

Lankinen

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The GG genotype of the Patatin-like phosphatase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), dietary fat, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are linked with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We studied the impact of the quality of dietary fat on plasma (p) and fecal (f) SCFA and p-BCAA in men homozygous for the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant (I148M). Eighty-eight randomly assigned men (age 67.8 ± 4.3 years, body mass index 27.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2) participated in a 12-week diet intervention. The recommended diet (RD) group followed the National and Nordic nutrition recommendations for fat intake. The average diet (AD) group followed the average fat intake in Finland. The intervention resulted in a decrease in total p-SCFAs and iso-butyric acid in the RD group (p = 0.041 and p = 0.002). Valeric acid (p-VA) increased in participants with the GG genotype regardless of the diet (RD, 3.6 ± 0.6 to 7.0 ± 0.6 µmol/g, p = 0.005 and AD, 3.8 ± 0.3 to 9.7 ± 8.5 µmol/g, p = 0.015). Also, genotype relation to p-VA was seen statistically significantly in the RD group (CC: 3.7 ± 0.4 to 4.2 ± 1.7 µmol/g and GG: 3.6 ± 0.6 to 7.0 ± 0.6 µmol/g, p = 0.0026 for time and p = 0.004 for time and genotype). P-VA, unlike any other SCFA, correlated positively with plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (r = 0.240, p = 0.025). Total p-BCAAs concentration changed in the AD group comparing PNPLA3 CC and GG genotypes (CC: 612 ± 184 to 532 ± 149 µmol/g and GG: 587 ± 182 to 590 ± 130 µmol/g, p = 0.015 for time). Valine decreased in the RD group (p = 0.009), and leucine decreased in the AD group (p = 0.043). RD decreased total fecal SCFA, acetic acid (f-AA), and butyric acid (f-BA) in those with CC genotype (p = 0.006, 0.013 and 0.005, respectively). Our results suggest that the PNPLA3 genotype modifies the effect of dietary fat modification for p-VA, total f-SCFA, f-AA and f-BA, and total p-BCAA.

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Nutritional Genomics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 76 publications

PEMT rs7946 Polymorphism and Sex Modify the Effect of Adequate Dietary Choline Intake on the Risk of Hepatic Steatosis in Older Patients with Metabolic Disorders

PEMT rs7946 Polymorphism and Sex Modify the Effect of Adequate Dietary Choline Intake on the Risk of Hepatic Steatosis in Older Patients with Metabolic Disorders

Perspective Chapter: Predictive Genomics

PNPLA3 Genotype and Dietary Fat Modify Concentrations of Plasma and Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids

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