Nutritional factors in sport-related concussion

Walrand, Stéphane; Gaulmin, Rémi; Aubin, Raphaël; Sapin, Vincent; Coste, Aurélien; Abbot, Mathieu

doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.02.001

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the case of melatonin, the possibility of oral administration allows its inclusion in powdery materials, tablets, or cassettes, which, by ingestion, ensure the release of controlled amounts in the body [ 63 ]. If a localized administration is desired (injuries, trauma, areas of the oral cavity), as is the case in sports accidents, creams, gels, patches, or films (membranes) can be used [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan–sEPDM and Melatonin–Chitosan–sEPDM Composite Membranes for Melatonin Transport and Release

et al. 2023

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Melatonin is the hormone that focuses the attention of the researchers in the medical, pharmaceutical, materials, and membranes fields due to its multiple biomedical implications. The variety of techniques and methods for the controlled release of melatonin is linked to the multitude of applications, among which sports medicine occupies a special place. This paper presents the preparation and characterization of composite membranes based on chitosan (Chi) and sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (sEPDM). The membranes were obtained by controlled vacuum evaporation from an 8% sEPDM solution in toluene (w/w), in which chitosan was dispersed in an ultrasonic field (sEPDM:Chi = 1:1, w/w). For the comparative evaluation of the membranes’ performances, a melatonin-chitosan-sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (Mel:Chi:sEPDM = 0.5:0.5:1.0, w/w/w) test membrane was made. The prepared membranes were morphologically and structurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDAX), thermal analysis (TG, DSC), thermal analysis coupled with chromatography and infrared analysis, and contact angle measurements, but also from the point of view of performance in the process of transport and release of melatonin in dedicated environments (aqueous solutions with controlled pH and salinity). The prepared membranes can release melatonin in amounts between 0.4 mg/cm2·per day (sEPDM), 1.6 mg/ cm2·per day (Chi/sEPDM), and 1.25 mg/cm2·per day (Mel/Chi/SEPDM).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan–sEPDM and Melatonin–Chitosan–sEPDM Composite Membranes for Melatonin Transport and Release

et al. 2023

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“…One of the greatest difficulties currently facing clinicians is that prognostic methodologies following a concussion are unable to distinguish between those who will recover rapidly without incident, and those who are at high risk of developing PPCS. Further complicating the story, an individual's health, age and nutritional status prior to the injury can further influence the extent of the initial injury presentation and trajectory of recovery (Walrand et al, 2021). A reduction in neuroprotective nutrients by consumption of diets with a large proportion of highly processed foods replete in saturated fats and refined sugars that are so common in today's lifestyle can evoke a degree of persistent neuroinflammation (Morris et al, 2015), making the brain more 21 sensitive and less adaptive to neurological insults (Walrand et al, 2021).…”

Section: Nutrition To Increase Resilience Against Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further complicating the story, an individual's health, age and nutritional status prior to the injury can further influence the extent of the initial injury presentation and trajectory of recovery (Walrand et al, 2021). A reduction in neuroprotective nutrients by consumption of diets with a large proportion of highly processed foods replete in saturated fats and refined sugars that are so common in today's lifestyle can evoke a degree of persistent neuroinflammation (Morris et al, 2015), making the brain more 21 sensitive and less adaptive to neurological insults (Walrand et al, 2021). The link between TBIassociated symptoms and the diet quality of TBI patients has been assessed in a small outpatient study, which indicated that none of their sample met the recommended dietary allowances for 14 key micronutrients needed for brain health including folate, manganese, vitamin C and vitamin K, and lower neurobehavioural scores were associated with poorer nutrition (Wahls et al, 2014).…”

Section: Nutrition To Increase Resilience Against Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diminished antioxidant capacities can exacerbate neuroinflammation and depleted levels of omega-3 fatty acids that are required to maintain neuronal membrane fluidity can further compromise brain resiliency (Reyes et al, 2020a). In this regard, interest in nutritional supplementation as a prophylactic therapy to enhance brain resilience to damage in the case of neurotrauma -in particular sports-related concussions in at risk athletes -has been investigated (Walrand et al, 2021). As omega-3 fatty acids have multiple functions in the CNS -providing a substrate for neuronal membrane phospholipids, modulating neurotransmission, and protecting cells from oxidative stress and inflammation -the prophylactic use of omega-3 fatty acids has been a subject of interest, with studies showing that dietary supplementation prior to experimental injury leads to diminished negative impacts on motor function and cognition in preclinical models (Desai et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2004), and also lessened some of the detrimental cellular consequences of TBI (Pu et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2004).…”

Section: Nutrition To Increase Resilience Against Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lesions or contusions visible through structural neuroimaging such as MRI or CT), yet may still precipitate deleterious neurobiological responses that can lead to pronounced functional changes in the brain (MacFarlane and Glenn, 2015;Manley et al, 2017). In addition, the intense physical training routines of athletes and military personnel places high metabolic demands on the brain as well as the rest of the body, including elevating nutrient use by brain tissue (Walrand et al, 2021). In tandem with nutritional stress placed on the brain from physical activity, concussive events, including subconcussive injuries, cause overconsumption of nutrients by the brain (Churchill et al, 2017a;Churchill et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrition and neutraceutical interventions as therapeutic strategies to aid recovery from mild traumatic brain injuries

Reichelt¹,

Dunkley²

2022

Preprint

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Concussion, sometimes called a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is an acquired brain injury resulting in alterations to brain function underpinned by a sequence of neuropathological and neurometabolic events that can result in excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, oedema, neuroinflammation and cell death. To date, pharmaceutical therapies have had limited success in treating TBI, presenting considerable interest in nutritional therapies in the form of dietary supplementation to alleviate the deleterious pathological sequelae following neurotrauma. Many nutritional supplements have low toxicity, few drug interactions, and are already approved for human use making them attractive potential therapies following a concussion. In the setting of brain injury models, a considerable body of preclinical evidence has accumulated supporting the use of nutritional supplements including essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, polyphenols, bioflavonoids and other bioactive compounds to facilitate aspects of functional recovery. Here, we review studies presenting diet supplements as therapeutic strategies as potential treatments for mTBI or to augment neurological resistance against mTBI in experimental models, as well as emerging therapeutic targets including the gut microbiome, and psychedelic and non-psychedelic compounds derived from fungi.

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