Nutritional factors and metabolic variables in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease: A case control study in Armenian adults

Objectives: Lead exposure has destructive effects on some organs. It may produce a variety of toxic effects on endothelial cells of the vascular system. Any changes or damages to endothelial cells may lead to cardiovascular diseases, particularly the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was to determine the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid on the endothelium of coronary and aorta arteries in lead-exposed rabbits. Methods: In this study, 30 white male rabbits of New Zealand race (weighing about 1.6–2 kg and 5 months old) were used and divided randomly into three groups: Group 1 ( N = 10) that served as the control and received water and normal diet, Group 2 ( N = 10) was exposed to lead acetate 547 ppm (5 mg/L) daily for 40 days, and Group 3 ( N = 10) received vitamin C (500 mg/kg) and underwent the same duration of lead exposure (5 mg/L) daily for 40 days. The levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were measured using spectrophotometry, and the level of blood lead was calculated using a lead analyzer (Magellan Diagnostics, USA). The animals were anesthetized by pentobarbital (50 mg/kg). Subsequently, they were sacrificed, and their thoracic aortas and coronary arteries were removed. Then fixation, tissue processing, histological sectioning, and H & E staining were carried out. Finally, the sections were studied using light microscopy. The results were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test. Results: The results indicated that ascorbic acid could reduce the destructive effects of lead on vascular endothelial cells and prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary and aorta arteries. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid against the destructive effects of lead on vascular endothelial cells. Hence, it could be proposed as a potential prophylactic treatment for the amelioration of lead toxicity, prevention of atherosclerosis, and improvement of endothelial cells dysfunction.

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“…Oxidative stress is associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and vascular deformity. 5 , 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the effects of ascorbic acid on the endothelium of coronary and aorta arteries in lead-intoxicated rabbits

2022

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“…Total dietary fat was associated with an increased risk of CVD and all-cause death [10]. After adjustment of some coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were associated with a reduced risk of CHD [11]. Unlike observational studies, randomized control trials suggest that SFAs either do not or only modestly increase the risk for CAD [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nutrients of relative importance associated with coronary artery disease: Public health implication from random forest analysis

et al. 2020

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Dietary nutrients have significant effects on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the results were not uniform across different countries. The study aims to determine the relative importance of dietary nutrients associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) among the Nepalese population. A hospital-based matched case-control study was carried out at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center in Nepal. In the present study, patients with more than seventy percent stenosis in any main coronary artery branch in angiography were defined as cases, while those presenting normal coronary angiography or negative for stressed exercise test were considered controls. Dietary intakes of 612 respondents over the past 12 months were evaluated using a semi-quantitative customized food frequency questionnaire. In conditional regression model, the daily average dietary intake of β-carotene (OR: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.34, 0.87), and vitamin C (OR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.93, 0.99) were inversely, whereas dietary carbohydrate (OR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.1, 1.24), total fat/oil (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.27, 1.69), saturated fatty acid (SFA) (OR: 1.2; 95%CI: 1.11, 1.3), cholesterol (OR: 1.01; 95%CI: 1.001, 1.014), and iron intakes (OR: 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.19) were positively linked with CAD. Moreover, in random forest analysis, the daily average dietary intakes of SFA, vitamin A, total fat/oil, β-carotene, and cholesterol were among the top five nutrients (out of 12 nutrients variables) of relative importance associated with CAD. The nutrients of relative importance imply a reasonable preventive measure in public health nutrients specific intervention to prevent CAD in a resource-poor country like Nepal. The findings are at best suggestive of a possible relationship between these nutrients and the development of CAD, but prospective cohort studies and randomized control trials will need to be performed in the Nepalese population.

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“…In addition, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and heart disease were the three leading causes of death in female workers [5]. Several healthy behaviors such as exercising and eating a well-balanced diet may reduce the risk of MRFs, whereas unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and excessive drinking may increase the risk of MRFs [6,7,8]. Therefore, helping workers maintain healthy behaviors is an important strategy for reducing MRFs in worksite health promotion [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study has also shown that higher BMI is associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with suspected coronary artery disease [30]. If people with a high BMI adopt an unhealthy lifestyle such as unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary behaviors, they may be presumed to have a higher metabolic- and CVD-related risk [6,7,12]. The advantage of eating healthily and exercising appropriately with respect to reducing MRFs has been observed in obese individuals [31,32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-Associated Nutrition and Exercise Behaviors in Relation to Metabolic Risk Factors Stratified by Body Mass Index

Huang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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This study aimed to investigate the relationships of nutrition and exercise behaviors on metabolic risk factors (MRF) when body mass index (BMI) was considered. Health-associated nutrition and exercise behaviors were assessed by a questionnaire, anthropometric values, blood pressure and biochemical determinations that were obtained from 4017 workers. The nutrition score was negatively associated with triglycerides in the overweight subgroup and with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the obese subgroup. The exercise score was negatively associated with triglycerides and waist circumference (WC) and positively associated with SBP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the ideal weight subgroup as well as being negatively associated with WC and positively associated with HDL-C in the overweight subgroup. Similarly, the exercise score was negatively associated with WC and positively associated with SBP in the obese subgroup. However, no significant association was found between nutrition or exercise behavior and MRF in the underweight subgroup. In conclusion, the relationships of exercise and nutrition behaviors on MRF varied for different levels of BMI. Exercise showed a significant association with lower WC. Moreover, its effect showed a gradient trend in accordance with the levels of BMI. For ameliorating MRF, exercise seemed to have better effects than nutrition behavior, especially in the ideal weight subgroup.

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Nutritional factors and metabolic variables in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease: A case control study in Armenian adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

An evaluation of the effects of ascorbic acid on the endothelium of coronary and aorta arteries in lead-intoxicated rabbits

An evaluation of the effects of ascorbic acid on the endothelium of coronary and aorta arteries in lead-intoxicated rabbits

Dietary nutrients of relative importance associated with coronary artery disease: Public health implication from random forest analysis

Health-Associated Nutrition and Exercise Behaviors in Relation to Metabolic Risk Factors Stratified by Body Mass Index

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