Nutritional Factors Affecting the Ratio of Solvents Produced by
            <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i>

Bahl, Hubert; Gottwald, Matthias; Kuhn, Anita; Rale, Vinay; Andersch, Wolfram; Gottschalk, Gerhard

doi:10.1128/aem.52.1.169-172.1986

Cited by 152 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…High-test or invert molasses [168] C. acetobutylicum Grape pomace hydrolyzate (acid hydrolysis) [169] C. acetobutylicum Glucose supported with iron [170] C. acetobutylicum P262 Hydrolyzates of pine, aspen, and corn stover [171] C. acetobutylicum KCTC 1037 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of rice straw (with cellulolytic enzyme from Trichoderma viride) [172] C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Glucose supported with two vitamins, viz. biotin and p-aminobenzoic acid [173] C. saccharoperbutyl-acetonicum Glucose with inhibitors such as butyric acid and butanol [174] C. acetobutylicum and C. butylicum Whey supplemented with corn steep and malt sprouts [175] C. acetobutylicum P262 immobilized on calcium alginate beads Cheese whey permeate [176] C. acetobutylicum Glucose, lactose, or glucose plus galactose (low-Fe glucose medium) [177] C. acetobutylicum NRRL 594 Sugarcane molasses, beet molasses, and defatted rice bran Biobutanol: science, engineering and economics A. Ranjan and V. S. Moholkar culture. Most of the clostridia species can tolerate total solvent concentrations up to 20 g/L.…”

Section: Acetobutylicummentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobutanol: science, engineering, and economics

Ranjan

Moholkar

2011

Int. J. Energy Res.

151

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SUMMARYAmong several liquid alternative fuels, biobutanol has shown great promise because of its very similar properties to gasoline. This review provides an overview of research activities in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation over the past two and a half decades. We have addressed seven important facets of ABE fermentation, viz. biochemistry, microbial cultures, alternative substrates, solvent recovery, fermentation mode and reactor designs, mathematical modeling, and economics. Development of mutant strains having higher yield, selectivity and tolerance to inhibition, and search for cheap alternative substrates for fermentation are most important thrust areas in biobutanol production. New and efficient processes have been developed for in situ removal and recovery of the ABE solvents. Several rigorous kinetic and physiological models for fermentation have been formulated, which form useful tool for optimization of the process. These research activities have been reviewed in this paper. Finally, we have summarized studies on the economic viability of large-scale ABE fermentation processes employing various process designs, substrates, and microbial cultures. With the use of new strains, inexpensive substrates, and superior reactor designs, economic potential of ABE fermentation has been found to be highly attractive. Research efforts in science, engineering, and economics of ABE fermentation have brought biobutanol close to commercialization as liquid alternate fuel.

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Section: Acetobutylicummentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobutanol: science, engineering, and economics

Ranjan

Moholkar

2011

Int. J. Energy Res.

151

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“…In continuous cultures, ATP and NAD(P)H availabilities appear to play a key role in product selectivity. High ATP concentrations related to low ATP demand or high efficiency of ATP generation leads to enhanced solvent production (i) for glucose-sufficient cultures at a low pH with biomass recycling [4,5]; (ii) for iron-, nitrogen-, or phosphate-limited cultures [6][7][8]; and (iii) during shifts induced on phosphate-limited cultures by lowering the pH or adding organic acids [9]. Production of both ethanol and butanol was associated with increased availability of reducing power (i) when the in vivo activity of the hydrogenase was decreased by CO gassing [4,[10][11][12], or by adding Methyl viologen [9]; (ii) during a shift in solvent production induced by lowering the pH when acetyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) was first converted to acetone (a pathway consuming no reducing energy), creating a redox imbalance [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of metabolic shifts in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

Girbal

1995

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Alcohol formation was initiated in continuous cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum under distinct steady-state conditions: (i) in glucose-limited cultures established at low operating pH with formation of butanol, ethanol and acetone (induction of the solventogenesis) in which cells contained normal levels of NADH and a high level of ATP and butyric acid; and (ii) by increasing the NADH pressure at neutral pH in glucose-limited cultures after addition of Neutral red, or in glucose-glycerol or glucose-glycerol-pyruvate grown cultures, with a strictly alcohologenic metabolism (no acetone produced) associated with high levels of intracellular NADH and various levels of ATP. These two different metabolic shift systems are correlated with the expression of different genes involved in the solvent-forming pathways and the electron flow distribution. A high NADH level leading to butanol and ethanol formation was accompanied by increased activities of the NADH-dependent alcohol and butyraldehyde dehydrogenases, and ferredoxin:NAD(P) + reductases, and by decreased activities of the NADH:ferredoxin reductase. This last group of enzymes constitutes the key enzymes regulating electron flow, since no change in hydrogenase activity was observed. On the other hand, classical solventogenesis appears to be characterized by high levels of expression of the NADPH-dependent alcohol and butyraldehyde dehydrogenases, and of the two enzymes involved in the acetone-forming pathway, while the ferredoxin:NAD(P) + reductases were not synthesized. A decrease of the in vitro hydrogenase activity explains the lower hydrogen generation. In addition, the regulation of the intracellular pH was different between the alcohologenic culture grown at neutral pH and the solventogenic cultures grown at low pH. An inversion of the transmembrane pH gradient was observed during the production of alcohol at neutral pH and was related to a lower in vivo specific rate of hydrogen production while in the cultures grown at low pH the transmembrane pH generation was not linked to the F1F 0 ATPase activity.

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“…The effect of lactate, the proton donor for the reducing membranes, was not examined here. Bahl et al (1986) tested the effect of lactate for the ABE fermentation of glucose in synthetic medium by C . acetobutylicum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABE fermentation with C. acetobutylicum NRRL-B-643, with the use of such membrane fragments, gave somewhat better results in solvent production than when conventional gas sparging was used. These improvements occurred in spite of the deleterious effect of lactate (Bahl et al, 1986). More importantly, a continuous run with bacteria and membrane fragments coimmobilized in K-carrageenan and using oxygenated feed was successful in providing an anoxic environment for solvent production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the problems associated with this fermentation is the severe inhibition by the products, especially butanol, which limits the final product concentration and keeps the productivity low (Ennis et al, 1986). The lactate has also been reported to have a deleterious effect (Bahl et al, 1986). The use of immobilized cells to provide high cell densities and productivities may overcome this problem and allow a continuous process (Ennis et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Immobilized Microbial Membrane Fragments To Remove Oxygen and Favor the Acetone‐Butanol Fermentation

Gòdia

Adler

Scott

et al. 1990

Biotechnology Progress

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Oxygen-reducing membrane fragments obtained from Escherichia coli were used with Clostridium acetobutylicum (C. acetobutylicum) to provide an oxygen-free microenvironment for the conversion of glucose to acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE). The batch fermentation of suspended C. acetobutylicum NRRL-B-643 and its ability to produce solvents in the presence of membranes as the oxygen-elimination agent are described and compared with the conventional sparging technique used to maintain anaerobiosis. The use of membrane fragments to remove oxygen for fermentation by C. acetobutylicum was successful and gave slightly improved results over the use of sparing with regard to lag, biomass, and solvent production (e.g., final butanol concentration of 3.25 and 2.7 g/L, respectively). Solvent production is also reported for a continuous columnar reactor with coimmobilized cells and membranes in kappa-carrageenan gel beads and air-saturated liquid feed.

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Nutritional Factors Affecting the Ratio of Solvents Produced by Clostridium acetobutylicum

Cited by 152 publications

References 17 publications

Biobutanol: science, engineering, and economics

Biobutanol: science, engineering, and economics

Regulation of metabolic shifts in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

Use of Immobilized Microbial Membrane Fragments To Remove Oxygen and Favor the Acetone‐Butanol Fermentation

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