Nutritional education protocol in the treatment of eating disorders in the clinical and care settings

Abstract

Conflicto de intereses: los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés. RESUMENLa educación nutricional (EN), dentro del tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), juega un papel fundamental ya que contribuye a que el paciente modifique sus actitudes y rutinas en relación con la comida, pierda miedos y restablezca un patrón de alimentación saludable, favoreciendo de este modo su recuperación nutricional. Sin embargo, existe falta de consenso y estandarización acerca de los procedimientos para llevarla a cabo. El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar un protocolo consensuado de EN en el contexto del tratamiento de los TCA que permita ayudar a la toma de decisiones sobre: los pacientes candidatos a recibirla, los agentes (familia, comunidad escolar) y profesionales implicados, los ámbitos de implementación de la intervención, la información sobre los pacientes que es necesario conocer, los temas, objetivos y contenidos a trabajar, y la necesidad de evaluación de la progresión del paciente y los programas desarrollados.

Efficacy of educational interventions in adolescent population with feeding and eating disorders: a systematic review

“…Regarding the remaining five studies, that lacked a control group [ 30 – 32 ], presented a quasi-experimental design in which the results obtained pre- and post-intervention were measured. Quasi-experimental studies were also used in other two studies [ 33 , 34 ], but in addition to measuring the pre- and post-intervention results, successive measurements were performed while the interventions were being developed.…”

“…In the selected studies, a total of 626 patients participated, of which 516 completed the respective studies; in three studies, the existence of possible dropouts was not specified [ 25 , 30 , 31 ]. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants in the selected studies were similar.…”

“…The samples of most of the studies were within the age range proposed in the review protocol (12–18 years). Three studies included higher age ranges [ 26 , 30 , 31 ], but these were extreme values of the distribution, so the average age remained low.…”

“…The studies analyzed different types of pathologies included within feeding and eating disorders. In several of them, subtypes were specified, such as unspecified AN [ 26 – 29 , 32 ], or both AN and BN [ 25 , 30 , 33 ].…”

“…Although the interventions evaluated and implemented in the selected studies were heterogeneous in several aspects, in all of them, the theoretical basis, the place where the intervention was developed and its content were described. The interventions were carried out both in the hospital setting [ 25 , 26 , 28 , 32 ] and in outpatient [ 29 , 30 , 34 ] or mixed [ 27 ] settings, such as Day Hospital in FEDs [ 31 , 33 ].…”