Nutritional Ecology of Ctenophores—A Review of Recent Research

Reeve, M. R.; Walter, Mary Ann

doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60406-x

Cited by 95 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In contrast, samples of the ctenophore Beroe ovata from the fall cruise were consistently higher in b15N than M. leidyi collected at the same station. This pattern is consistent with the trophic biology of B. ovata, which feeds on other ctenophores, including M. leidyi (Reeve & Walter 1978, and references therein). Chaetognaths from the 2 stations on the fall cruise were also analyzed; in both cases, 6l5NChaetognath was about 2 %O greater than b15NAcar,ja, a difference in keeping with the predatory feeding behavior of chaetognaths.…”

Section: B15n Of Zooplankton: General Patternssupporting

confidence: 87%

Natural abundance of 15N in particulate nitrogen and zooplankton in the Chesapeake Bay

Montoya¹,

Horrigan²,

McCarthy³

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Samples of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), particulate nitrogen (PN), and several species of zooplankton were collected at a series of stations in the main channel of the Chesapeake Bay, USA, during cruises in spring and fall 1984. The spatial and temporal variation in the natural abundance of I5N (Sl5N) in each of these pools, in combination with measurements of the concentrahons of DIN, PN. plant pigments, and the rates of biologically-mediated transformations of nitrogen, provide a number of insights into the dynamics of the nitrogen cycle in the Chesapeake Bay. During both spring and fall. SL5N of surface layer PN showed no consistent Bay-wide pattern of distribution. Instead, the overall gradient of DIN concentrations along the axis of the Bay appears to be less important than local processes in determining the distribution of I5N in PN. The relationship between 6 1 5~ of PN and 615N of dissolved pools indicated that phytoplankton uptake was the dominant process acting on DIN in spring, but that microbially-mediated transformations of nitrogen dominated in fall. During both seasons. 615N of particulate and dissolved pools suggested that phytoplankton consume both NOS and NH: roughly in proportion to concentration. The 6l5N of the zooplankton species sampled generally increased with trophic level. The S 1 5~ of the copepod Acartia tonsa was higher than that of PN by 4.2 ? 2.3 Om (X 2 SD) in spring and 3.3 f 1.0 9m (X f SD) in fall. Similarly. 615N of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was higher than that of A. tonsa by 2.0 f 2.6% ((R f SD) in spring and 3.3 f 1.0% (X f SD) in fall. A reversal of the usual relationship between A. tonsa and M. leidyi occurred near the southern end of the Bay during spring, where 6 1 5~ of the copepod was greater than that of the ctenophore by as much as 4.9Ym. In general, spatial variability of S'=N of all 3 of these trophic levels (PN, copepods, and ctenophores) was greater in spring than in all, suggesting that phyto-and zooplankton have a greater direct influence on the estuarine nitrogen cycle during spring. A comparison of the 2 transects conducted on each cruise demonstrates that 6 1 5~ of the PN and A. tonsa, but not that of M. leidyi, can change markedly on a time scale of roughly a week. Such changes clearly indicate that repeated sampling may be essential in studies of the natural abundance of I5N in dynamic planktonic systems such as that in the Chesapeake Bay.

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Section: B15n Of Zooplankton: General Patternssupporting

confidence: 87%

Natural abundance of 15N in particulate nitrogen and zooplankton in the Chesapeake Bay

Montoya¹,

Horrigan²,

McCarthy³

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Decimation of estuarine zooplankton populations, including various invertebrate larvae, has been correlated with blooms of Mnemiopsis leidyi and M. mccradyi (Herman et al, 1968;Miller, 1974;Miller & Williams, 1972;Burrell & Van Engel, 1976;Reeve & Walter, 1978;Kremer, 1979;Deason & Smayda, 1982;Feigenbaum & Kelly, 1984). Along the east coast of North America, these blooms consistently occur during summer when crabs release larvae.…”

Section: Ctenophoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The devastating impact of M. leidyi on zooplankton populations not only results from their high abundance, but their high clearance rates, which are proportional to the abundance of prey (Kremer, 1979;Monteleone & Dugay, 1988). Populations ofthe coastal ctenophore, Pleurobrachia pileus, are less dense than estuarine populations of ctenoohores, but they also can severely reduce standing crops of zooplankton (Reeve & Walter, 1978;Frank, 1986). However, P. pileus and other gelatinous predators do not appear to control the summer decline in copepod abundance in Dutch coastal waters (Miller & Daan, 1989).…”

Section: Ctenophoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation by planktonic and benthic invertebrates on larvae of estuarine crabs

Morgan

1992

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Abstract:The ability of 11 species of planktonic and benthic invertebrates to prey on larvae of two estua. line species of crabs was determined in the laboratory. Ten of 11 of these predators with diverse feeding modes consumed crab larvae. Two of three planktonic invertebrates tested ate more larvae of the fiddler crab, Uca minax (LeConte, 1855), than larvae of the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), and 4 of 8 benthic invertebrates consumed more U. minax larvae. None of the invertebrates ingested more R. harrisii than U. minax larvae. The larger size of R. harrisii larvae rather than their longer spines likely deterred most invertebrates, although differences in swimming speed, avoidance behavior or penetrability of the exoskeleton also may account for the differential predation on the two species. Available information on the distribution, abundance and feeding habits of potential predators of crab larvae was reviewed and synthesized with results of this study to determine if dispersal patterns of estuarine crabs likely have evolved in response to predictable trends in predation by invertebrates. Preliminary evidence for this hypothesis is equivocal but suggests that particular taxa of hydromedusae are more likely to influence dispersal of estuarine crabs than are other planktonic and benthic invertebrates.

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“…For Aurelia aurita and the 2 hydromedusae no such data are available. Digestion time of fish larvae in P. pileus seems to be of the order of a few hours (Reeve & Walter 1978). Since net handling took about 15 min digestion can be considered an insignificant factor as compared to regurgitation.…”

Section: Coelenterate Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of coelenterate predation on larval plaice Pleuronectes platessa and flounder Platichthys flesus stock in the western Wadden Sea

Veer¹

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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During the seasonal immigration of plaice and flounder larvae into the Dutch Wadden Sea in spring, the coelenterates Pleurobrachia pileus L. and Aurelia aurita L. have been positively identified as predators of both flatfish species. Evidence for a causal relation between outbursts of the predatory coelenterates and the observed abrupt termination of larval flatfish immigration is found in (1) the coincidence of increases in coelenterate numbers and decreases in larval densities, (2) positive observations of larval flatfish in coelenterate stomach contents, (3) a comparison between food demand of the coelenterate population and standing stock of the pelagic food resource at that time. Impact of this predation on plaice recruitment is expected to be small, since most larvae have already completed their immigration into the Wadden Sea when the coelenterate outburst starts. Although the coelenterate outburst occurs at about the same time every year, their predation may have a density-dependent component, since the timing of plaice immigration seems to be related to abundance, with larger yearclasses arriving later than smaller ones. For flounder larvae the impact will be greater, because of the shorter period of immigration and the coincidence between coelenterate outburst and maximum flounder abundance.

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Nutritional Ecology of Ctenophores—A Review of Recent Research

Cited by 95 publications

References 40 publications

Natural abundance of 15N in particulate nitrogen and zooplankton in the Chesapeake Bay

Natural abundance of 15N in particulate nitrogen and zooplankton in the Chesapeake Bay

Predation by planktonic and benthic invertebrates on larvae of estuarine crabs

Impact of coelenterate predation on larval plaice Pleuronectes platessa and flounder Platichthys flesus stock in the western Wadden Sea

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