Nutritional Diseases of Pistachio Trees: Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiencies and Chloride and Boron Toxicities

Ashworth, L. J.; Gaona, S A

doi:10.1094/phyto-75-1084

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Average values of available K in the upper 90 cm of the virgin land of Nough, Anar, and Gitiabad regions are 134.2, 141.3, and 405.6 g Kg − 1 , respectively, indicating that Nough and Anar are naturally deficient in available K for pistachio production with respect to the critical level (250 mg kg − 1 ) reported for mature pistachio trees (Ashworth et al, 1985;Malakouti and Tabatabaei, 2000). However, Gitiabad soils seem to have sufficient available K.…”

Section: General Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Different forms of soil potassium as affected by the age of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees in Rafsanjan, Iran

2010

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Section: General Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It has been reported that 70 mg kg − 1 NH 4 OAc-extractable K is probably sufficient for optimum seedling growth of pistachio (Tajabadi Pour et al, 2005). However, the critical level of soil available potassium for mature pistachio trees has been reported to be nearly 250 mg kg − 1 (Ashworth et al, 1985;Malakouti and Tabatabaei, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different forms of soil potassium as affected by the age of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees in Rafsanjan, Iran

2010

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“…The low concentrations of K that reached deficiency levels in leaves (0.7-0.9%, Ashworth et al, 1985) investigation. The high Mn concentration in leaves and flower buds of fruiting trees should also be investigated since it has been reported that high concentrations of Mn in other plant tissues may cause the destruction of indole acetic acid (IAA), production of RNA and increase cellulase activity leading to abscission (Mukhopadhyay and Sharma, 1991 The high concentration of N in leaves of fruiting trees early in the season is probably due to N accumulation during the previous non-fruiting year (Brown et al 1995;Weinbaum et al 1994), while the decrease during seed development is possibly due to the high N requirement by seeds for protein synthesis (Durzan, 1994).…”

Section: 0»mentioning

confidence: 96%

Mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in fruiting and non‐fruiting pistachio trees

Vemmos

1999

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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The effect of fruiting on mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in pistachio (Pistachia vera L., cv. Aegenes) was studied in two experimental years (1990 and 1992). Nutrient concentrations were measured in leaves and flower buds on fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees at two week intervals from leaf emergence until the flower bud abscission of fruiting trees was completed. The results showed that the presence of fruit significantly increased the leaf concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) throughout the whole period of measurement and that of nitrogen (N) only until the commencement of seed growth (in June). In contrast, fruit decreased leaf concentrations of potassium (K) (throughout the whole period) and that of N (after the commencement of seed growth and high rates of bud abscission). Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) concentrations in leaves were not influenced by fruit. The results for flower buds were similar to those for leaves for the nutrients K, Mg, Mn, and Ca, while P, Zn, and Fe tended to be higher in buds of fruiting trees. Nitrogen concentrations were higher in buds of fruiting trees.1

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“…Dry weights (DWs) of P. vera seedlings from two cultivars grown in a greenhouse for 6 months in nonsaline clay soils amended with B at 100 µg·g -1 soil were reduced by ≈20% to 67%, depending on soil N concentrations and seedling source (Sepaskhah and Maftoun, 1994). The concentration threshold for B toxicity symptoms in pistachio leaves is reported to be ≈1000 mg·kg -1 DW and the injury is usually characterized by marginal necrosis on older leaves late in the season (Ashworth et al, 1985). Visible symptoms of Cltoxicity are often quite similar to those of B (i.e., marginal necrosis and leaf scorch) and have been observed in pistachio at leaf Clconcentrations of ≈2% (Ashworth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pistachio Rootstocks Influence Scion Growth and Ion Relations under Salinity and Boron Stress

Ferguson¹,

Poss²,

Grattan³

et al. 2002

jashs

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Performance of `Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees on three rootstocks (P. atlantica Desf., P. integerrima Stewart and `UCB-1', a P. atlantica × P. integerrima hybrid) was evaluated with 2-year-old trees grown in sand-tank lysimeters under combined SO42- and Cl- salinity and boron (B) stress for 6 months. Four salinity treatments were imposed by irrigating the plants with water at electrical conductivity (ECiw) of 3.5, 8.7,12, or 16 dS·m-1 each containing B at 10 mg·L-1. Growth of `Kerman' was evaluated based on increase in total leaf area, increase in trunk diameter, and total above-ground biomass production. All growth parameters decreased as salinity increased, but were not significant until ECiw exceeded 12 dS·m-1. However, growth of `Kerman' on P. atlantica and `UCB-1' was considerably better than on P. integerrima at 16 dS·m-1. The onset and severity of foliar injury differed among scions and treatments and was attributed primarily to B toxicity, rather than the effects of salinity. Concentrations of B in injured leaf tissue ranged from 1000 to 2500 mg·kg-1. Leaf injury decreased with increasing salinity, although leaf B was not significantly reduced suggesting an internal synergistic interaction between B and other mineral nutrients. However for P. vera on P. integerrima, the highest level of salinity produced the greatest injury, possibly as a combination of B plus Cl- and/or Na+ toxicity. Leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll concentration of P. vera, determined by steady-state porometry, were also reduced to a greater degree by combined salinity and B when budded on P. integerrima than on the other two rootstocks.

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Nutritional Diseases of Pistachio Trees: Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiencies and Chloride and Boron Toxicities

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Different forms of soil potassium as affected by the age of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees in Rafsanjan, Iran

Different forms of soil potassium as affected by the age of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees in Rafsanjan, Iran

Mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in fruiting and non‐fruiting pistachio trees

Pistachio Rootstocks Influence Scion Growth and Ion Relations under Salinity and Boron Stress

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