Nutritional control of puberty in the bovine female: prenatal and early postnatal regulation of the neuroendocrine system

Cardoso, Rodolfo C.; West, S.M.; Maia, Tatiane S; Alves, Bruno Henrique; Williams, Gary L.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106434

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In cattle, the process of sexual maturation and puberty onset occurs in a gradual fashion, and this process is regulated by a complex network of biochemical processes and involves interaction amongst many key metabolic, neuroendocrine, and reproductive tissues ultimately culminating in the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis (Amstalden et al, 2014;Kenny et al, 2017;Cardoso et al, 2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors also influence the pubertal maturation process, the most notable of which are genetics and nutritional status, respectively (Perry, 2016;Cardoso et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutritional control during early maturation in heifers exerts a substantial influence on the timing of puberty and leads to functional changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary pathways (Cardoso et al, 2020). Metabolic hormones (leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin) and metabolites (glucose and fatty acids) are a major component of the complex neural signaling system involved in the conditioning and maturation of the HPO axis and serve as positive modulators of neuroendocrine signaling pathways that underlie the pubertal maturation process (Amstalden et al, 2014;Sartori et al, 2016;Cardoso et al, 2020). However, while knowledge of the biochemical interplays that trigger the pubertal process and sexual development has improved in recent times, much of the intricate mechanistic detail and underlying biology still elude us, especially during the key sexual developmental phases early in the heifer life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of calfhood nutrition on metabolic hormones, gonadotropins, and estradiol concentrations and on reproductive organ development in beef heifer calves

Kelly

Byrne

McGee

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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This study examined the effect of plane of nutrition on the endocrinological regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary- ovarian (HPO) axis in beef heifer calves during a critical sexual developmental window early in calf hood. Forty Holstein-Friesian × Angus heifers (mean age 19 days, SEM = 0.63) were assigned to a high (HI; ADG 1.2 kg) or moderate (MOD; ADG 0.50 kg) nutritional level from 3 to 21 wk of life. Intake was recorded using an electronic calf feeding system, BW was recorded weekly, and blood samples were collected on wk of age 5, 10, 15 and 20 for metabolite, reproductive and metabolic hormone determination. At 19 wk of age, on sequential days an 8 h window bleed was carried out for luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol analysis. To characterize anterior pituitary gland function an intravenous GnRH challenge was conducted (19 wk of age). Blood was collected via jugular cathether every 15 min for 135 min for analysis of LH, FSH and estradiol. Calves were subsequently euthanized at 21 wk of age the anterior pituitary, metabolic organs and reproductive tract were weighed, and ovarian surface follicular numbers and oocytes recovered were recorded. Mean ADG was 1.18 kg and 0.50 kg for HI and MOD, respectively, resulting in a 76.6 kg difference in BW (P < 0.001). Blood insulin, glucose and IGF-1 concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) for HI compared with MOD. There was a diet × time interaction for leptin (P < 0.01); concentrations were greater in HI compared with MOD at 20 wk of age with no difference between treatments before this. Dietary treatment did not alter concentrations of adiponectin or anti-mullerian hormone (AMH). There was a diet × time interaction for FSH, whereby MOD had greater concentrations than HI at 10, 15 and 20, but not at 5 wk of age. Over the duration of an 8 h window bleed (19 wk of age) serum concentrations of LH, LH pulse frequency and amplitude were unaffected by treatment, whereas FSH (0.23 v 0.43 ng/ml) and estradiol (0.53 v 0.38 ng/ml) concentrations were less than and greater, respectively, for HI than MOD (P < 0.05). Likewise, following a GnRH challenge, area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed greater (P < 0.01) estradiol and lesser (P < 0.01) FSH concentrations in calves on the HI relative to MOD diet, whereas concentrations of LH were unaffected (P = 0.26) between treatments. Ovarian surface follicle numbers were greater (P < 0.05) in HI compared with MOD. Total reproductive tract, uterus and ovarian tissue expressed relative to BW were greater (P < 0.05) for HI compared with MOD. In conclusion, enhanced nutrition in early calfhood advances the ontogeny development of the HPO axis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of calfhood nutrition on metabolic hormones, gonadotropins, and estradiol concentrations and on reproductive organ development in beef heifer calves

Kelly

Byrne

McGee

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Other investigations show no effects ( Cushman et al, 2014 ; Gunn et al, 2015 ; Nepomuceno et al, 2017 ), corroborating the lack of difference between treatments. Previous studies have indicated that maternal nutrition during pregnancy can interact with nutrition in early postnatal life to determine the puberty age in heifers ( Cardoso et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, although postnatal nutrition has more significant effects than maternal nutrition, heifers from mothers that underwent nutritional restriction were more sensitive to the negative effects of limited postnatal growth ( O’Neil et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Maternal Nutrition on Female Offspring Weight Gain and Sexual Development

Cracco¹,

Bussiman²,

Polizel³

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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Maternal nutrition during pregnancy influences postnatal life of animals; nevertheless, few studies have investigated its effects on the productive performance and reproductive development of heifers. This study evaluated the performance, reproductive development, and correlation between reproduction × fat thickness and performance × ribeye area (REA) traits of heifers. We also performed an exploratory genomic association during the rearing period in heifers submitted to fetal programming. The study comprised 55 Nellore heifers born to dams exposed to one of the following nutritional planes: control, without protein-energy supplementation; PELT, protein-energy last trimester, protein-energy supplementation offered in the final third of pregnancy; and PEWG, protein-energy whole gestation, protein-energy supplementation upon pregnancy confirmation. Protein-energy supplementation occurred at the level of 0.3% live weight. After weaning, heifers were submitted to periodic evaluations of weight and body composition by ultrasonography. From 12 to 18 months, we evaluated the reproductive tract of heifers to monitor its development for sexual precocity and ovarian follicle population. The treatments had no effect (p > 0.05) on average daily gain; however, the weight of the animals showed a significant difference over time (p = 0.017). No differences were found between treatments for REA, backfat, and rump fat thickness, nor for puberty age, antral follicular count, and other traits related to reproductive tract development (p > 0.05). The correlation analysis between performance traits and REA showed high correlations (r > 0.37) between REA at weaning and year versus weight from weaning until yearling; however, no correlation was found for reproductive development traits versus fat thickness (p > 0.05). The exploratory genomic association study showed one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for each treatment on an intergenic region for control and PEWG, and the one for PELT on an intronic region of RAPGEF1 gene. Maternal nutrition affected only the weight of the animals throughout the rearing period.

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“…In cattle, little is known about the effects of dam nutrition on the neonate neuroendocrine system. Any nutritional and metabolic change occurring from foetal life to puberty, can impact the hypothalamic pathways controlling GnRH secretion and pubertal maturation [ 39 ].…”

Section: Dam-foetus Interaction and Ante-natal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review

Cardoso

King

Chapwanya

et al. 2021

Animals

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Calf immunity, growth and puberty are important factors affecting heifer productivity. The first four weeks of age are critical for reducing calf morbidity and mortality. It is well documented that colostrum is paramount to neonatal nutrition and passive immunity, however, adaptation to extra-uterine life starts early during embryonic development. Therefore, successful calf rearing strategies are underpinned by adequate maternal nutrition during gestation, and good colostrum management. A deeper understanding of these interactions paves the way for developing strategies to improve immune responses to environmental pathogens, optimal growth and timely attainment of puberty in calves. The literature reviewed here shows that there are opportunities to enhance the future performance of cattle paying attention to the interaction of nutrition and immunity at each developmental stage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to give the reader an overview of interactions between immunity, growth and puberty in dairy calves and highlight how these influence future performances.

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Nutritional control of puberty in the bovine female: prenatal and early postnatal regulation of the neuroendocrine system

Cited by 27 publications

References 87 publications

Effect of calfhood nutrition on metabolic hormones, gonadotropins, and estradiol concentrations and on reproductive organ development in beef heifer calves

Effect of calfhood nutrition on metabolic hormones, gonadotropins, and estradiol concentrations and on reproductive organ development in beef heifer calves

Effects of Maternal Nutrition on Female Offspring Weight Gain and Sexual Development

Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review

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