Nutritional Considerations for Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Those with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) require important considerations with respect to food and nutrition, owing to advanced age, poor diet behaviours and immobility associated with the disease process and co-morbid state. These considerations, coupled with the economic effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy, mandate that dietetic care plays a vital role in the management of PAD. Despite this, optimising dietetic care in PAD remains poorly understood. This narrative review considers the role of medical nutrition therapy in every stage of the PAD process, ranging from the onset and initiation of disease to well established and advanced disease. In each case, the potential benefits of traditional and novel medical nutrition therapy are discussed.

Nutrition, dietary habits, and weight management to prevent and treat patients with peripheral artery disease

“…Vegetarian diets are followed by more than 5% of the population and have been recognized as potentially cardio-protective (Delaney et al, 2019). Vegetarian diets emphasize the consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains with limitation of dairy or meat products (Delaney et al, 2019).…”

“…Vegetarian diets are followed by more than 5% of the population and have been recognized as potentially cardio-protective (Delaney et al, 2019). Vegetarian diets emphasize the consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains with limitation of dairy or meat products (Delaney et al, 2019). Vegeterians are less prone to diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke (Delaney et al, 2019).…”

“…Vegetarian diets emphasize the consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains with limitation of dairy or meat products (Delaney et al, 2019). Vegeterians are less prone to diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke (Delaney et al, 2019). Given the low content of fat, cholesterol, salt and red meet, vegetarian diet may decrease vascular endothelial cell injury (Rathod et al, 2016).…”

The relationship between famine exposure in early life and ascending aorta dilatation in adulthood

“…At present, the mechanism of AAD is still unclear. Previous studies have shown that nutritional status was closely related to peripheral vascular diseases [5,6], such as cervical artery dissection [7]. In addition, in recent years, more and more studies have showed that exposure to famine in early life was signi cantly associated with cardiovascular metabolic diseases, such as diabetes [8], obesity [9], hypertension [10], coronary heart disease [11] and dyslipidemia [12].…”

Famine Exposure During Early Life Increased the Risk of Ascending Aorta Dilatation in Adults

“…In recent years, the relationship between nutrition and cardiovascular diseases has received more and more attention. It has been shown that nutritional status was closely related to peripheral vascular diseases [10,11], such as cervical artery dissection [12]. In addition, more and more studies have also demonstrated that exposure to famine in early life was signi cantly associated with many cardiovascular metabolic diseases, such as diabetes [13], obesity [14], hypertension [15], coronary heart disease [16] and dyslipidemia [17].…”