Nutritional condition in the dry period is related to the incidence of postpartum subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle

Abstract

Objective: Endometritis is a major disease, that causes infertility in cattle, and is usually categorized as clinical or subclinical endometritis (SCE). The nutritional condition during the dry period is important for recovery after the last stage of the lactation period, and for postpartum production and reproduction. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between nutritional and metabolic characteristics in the dry period, and the risk of postpartum SCE.Methods: Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 25, raised in a tied stall) were used. Endometrial cytological analysis was performed around 30 days post-partum, with 5% to 14% polymorphonuclear (PMN) as a cut-off point to define SCE. Serum levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were measured in the cows at the dry period to evaluate energy status, protein metabolism, and mineral metabolism.Results: The incidence of SCE in the cows was 60.0% (n = 15/25) and the mean PMN% in postpartum cows diagnosed as SCE was 8.05%±2.6%. Overall, 17 and 8 samples were collected from the cows in the far-off and close-up periods, respectively. The serum concentration of BHBA in the far-off period and serum glucose concentration in the closeup period were correlated with postpartum PMN% (r = 0.62, p<0.01; r = –0.74, p<0.05, respectively). Serum levels of calcium and magnesium in the dry period were associated with the incidence of postpartum SCE (healthy vs SCE cows, p<0.05).Conclusion: Blood levels of glucose, BHBA, calcium, and magnesium in dry periods could be useful parameters for predicting the risk of postpartum SCE. The present study also suggests that management in the close-up period is essential for promoting recovery from calving fatigue.

Production and Health Management from Grazing to Confinement Systems of Largest Dairy Bovine Farms in Azores: A Farmers’ Perspective

“…Negative energy balance is common in postpartum dairy cows, due to low feed intake and the inability to reach cow energetic requirements for milk yield [ 64 ]. Appropriate nutritional management of the peripartum cow is essential to avoid such problems [ 65 ], together with other practices [ 66 ], reducing the incidence of postpartum problems such as retained placenta, mastitis, metritis, and endometritis. These issues can all lead to several economic losses, and early culling rates [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Endometritis: Exploiting Knowledge Gained in Mares and Cows

“…Metabolic problems detected in the postpartum could also depend on inadequate management of the dry period. To evaluate this possibility, Tanigushi and colleagues [ 144 ] evaluated some blood parameters of cows in the dry period and associated with the onset of endometritis. Blood levels of glucose, BHB, calcium, and magnesium in dry periods were related to endometritis occurrence and, therefore, have been proposed as reliable indicators for predicting the risk of postpartum SCE.…”