Nutritional Biomarkers of Aging

Siepelmeyer, Anne; Micka, Antje; Simm, Andreas; Bernhardt, J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801816-3.00008-x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The damaging potential of free radicals is directly inhibited by the action of ascorbate, tocopherols, or enzyme systems, for example, Zn/Cu-SOD and GPX (dependent on selenium). Therefore, vitamins and trace elements (e.g., selenium and zinc) supplied with the diet are crucial for proper functioning of antioxidant enzymes [9]. In older people, the level of oxidative damage increases, thereby disrupting healthy aging at the molecular level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malnourished older people can have deficits of most micronutrients, including zinc, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin E, riboflavin, electrolytes, and others. Most importantly, micronutrients directly affect (e.g., vitamin C and vitamin E) or indirectly (e.g., selenium and zinc) the activity of antioxidant defense systems (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT)) [9]. The proper operation of these antioxidant systems is highly important for the whole organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrition Can Help DNA Repair in the Case of Aging

2020

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Micronutrients such as vitamins and trace elements are crucial for maintaining the health of all organisms. Micronutrients are involved in every cellular/biochemical process. They play roles in proper heart and brain functioning, influence immunological responses, and antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, prolonged deficiency in one or more micronutrients leads to cardiovascular or neurodegenerative disorders. Keeping micronutrients at adequate levels is especially important for seniors. They are prone to deficiencies due to age-associated functional decline and often to a diet poor in nutrients. Moreover, lack of micronutrients has an indirect impact on the genome. Their low levels reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and therefore inhibit the efficiency of defense against free radicals which can lead to the formation of DNA lesions. The more DNA damage in the genetic material, the faster aging at the cellular level and a higher risk of pathological processes (e.g., carcinogenesis). Supplementation of crucial antioxidative micronutrients such as selenium, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin E seems to have the potential to positively influence the condition of an aging organism, including minimizing inflammation, enhancing antioxidative defense, and limiting the formation of DNA lesions. In consequence, it may lead to lowering the risk and incidence of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and malnutrition. In this article, we attempt to present the synergistic action of selected antioxidant micronutrients (vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc) for inhibiting oxidative stress and DNA damage, which may impede the process of healthy aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Can Help DNA Repair in the Case of Aging

2020

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“…Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential water-soluble antioxidant that performs many important functions in the body [96,105]. It is considered as an ideal antioxidant as it is characterized by a low reduction potential that allows for its reaction with various ROS [106]. Specifically, ascorbate peroxidase uses two molecules of ascorbate to reduce H 2 O 2 to H 2 O. Additionally, ascorbate is able to react with hydroxyl, peroxyl, and singlet O 2 radicals and it serves as a co-antioxidant through the regeneration of α-tocopherol from its radical [106,107].…”

Section: Antioxidants For Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered as an ideal antioxidant as it is characterized by a low reduction potential that allows for its reaction with various ROS [106]. Specifically, ascorbate peroxidase uses two molecules of ascorbate to reduce H 2 O 2 to H 2 O. Additionally, ascorbate is able to react with hydroxyl, peroxyl, and singlet O 2 radicals and it serves as a co-antioxidant through the regeneration of α-tocopherol from its radical [106,107]. In the body, vitamin C is involved in many physiological processes, such as the formation of collagen as a co-factor [108] and the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids [109].…”

Section: Antioxidants For Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Therapies for Neuroprotection—A Review

Teleanu

Chircov

Grumezescu

et al. 2019

JCM

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Although moderate concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are crucial for various physiological processes within the human body, their overproduction leads to oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance between the production and accumulation of ROS and the ability of the body to neutralize and eliminate them. In the brain, oxidative stress exhibits significant effects, due to its increased metabolical activity and limited cellular regeneration. Thus, oxidative stress is a major factor in the progressive loss of neurons structures and functions, leading to the development of severe neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, recent years have witnessed tremendous advancements in the field of antioxidant therapies, with a special emphasis for neuroprotection. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms and to present the most recent studies on antioxidant therapies for neuroprotection.

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“…Several aging biomarkers such as telomere length [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] have already been identified [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] , and biological age predictors such as the DNA methylation clock [65][66][67][68] have been built from them. We discuss these existing biological age predictors more in detail in the supplemental.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the multidimensionality of biological aging with the tools of deep learning across diverse image-based and physiological indicators yields robust age predictors

Collin

Diai

et al. 2021

Preprint

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It is hypothesized that there are inter-individual differences in biological aging; however, differences in aging among (heart images vs. electrophysiology) and across (e.g., brain vs heart) physiological dimensions have not been systematically evaluated and compared. We analyzed 676,787 samples from 502,211 UK Biobank participants aged 37-82 years with deep learning approaches to build a total of 331 chronological age predictors on different data modalities such as videos (e.g. heart magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), images (e.g. brain, liver and pancreas MRIs, full body X-rays, eye fundus and optical coherence tomography [OCT] images, carotid ultrasound images), time-series (e.g. electrocardiograms [ECGs], pulse wave analysis, wrist accelerometer data) and scalar data (e.g. blood biomarkers, anthropometric measures) to characterize the multiple dimensions of aging. We combined these age predictors into 11 main aging dimensions, 31 subdimensions and 84 sub-subdimensions ensemble models based on specific organ systems. Some of the organ systems were highly predictive of age. For example, heart features predict chronological age with a testing root mean squared error (RMSE) and standard error of 2.83+/-0.04 years, and musculoskeletal features predict age with a RMSE of 2.65+/-0.04 years. We defined "accelerated" agers as participants whose predicted age was greater than their chronological age and computed the correlation between these different definitions of accelerated aging. We found that most aging dimensions are largely uncorrelated (average correlation=.139+/-.090) but that dimensions that are biologically related tend to be more positively correlated. For example, we found that heart anatomical (from MRI) accelerated aging and heart electrical (from ECG) accelerated aging are correlated (average Pearson of .249+/-.005). Likewise, we found that most aging dimensions are genetically largely uncorrelated (average correlation=.104+/-.149). For example, heart anatomical and electrical accelerated aging are genetically .508+/-.089 correlated (r_g). We identified 9,697 SNPs in 3,318 genes associated with accelerated aging in at least one aging dimension and found an average GWAS-based heritability for accelerated aging of 26.1+/-7.42% (e.g. heart aging: 35.2+/-1.6%). Finally, we identified biomarkers, clinical phenotypes, diseases, family history, environmental variables and socioeconomic variables associated with accelerated aging in each aging dimension and computed the correlation between the different aging dimensions in terms of these associations. We found that environmental and socioeconomic variables are similarly associated with accelerated aging across aging dimensions (average correlations of respectively .639+/-.180 and .607+/-.309). We also built multivariate models to predict accelerated aging as a function of these same variables. For example, we predicted accelerated pulse wave analysis-measured arterial aging from diet with a R2 of 9.1%. Overall, most dimensions of aging are complex traits with both genetic and non-genetic correlates. These dimensions are weakly correlated with each other, highlighting the multidimensionality of the aging process and the need for multi-dimensional biological age predictors. Our results can be interactively explored on the following website: https://www.multidimensionality-of-aging.net/

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Nutritional Biomarkers of Aging

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Nutrition Can Help DNA Repair in the Case of Aging

Nutrition Can Help DNA Repair in the Case of Aging

Antioxidant Therapies for Neuroprotection—A Review

Analyzing the multidimensionality of biological aging with the tools of deep learning across diverse image-based and physiological indicators yields robust age predictors

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