Nutritional Approaches for Enhancing Immune Competence in HIV-Positive Individuals: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

HIV/AIDS remains a significant global health challenge, characterized by compromised immune function that leads to increased vulnerability to infections and other complications. Nutritional strategies have emerged as vital components in fortifying immune competence among individuals living with HIV. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of diverse nutritional approaches aimed at reinforcing immune function in HIV-positive individuals. The paper delves into the impact of micronutrient supplementation, elucidating the effects of individual and combined micronutrients on immune response in HIV-positive individuals. Additionally, it discusses the role of macronutrients and various dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet, in influencing immune function and overall well-being in this population. Furthermore, the article addresses the relevance of nutritional strategies in managing opportunistic infections commonly observed in PLWHA. Specific dietary considerations to prevent and mitigate these infections are explored, alongside the pivotal role of nutrition in supporting medication adherence and efficacy. Recognizing the challenges faced by HIV-positive individuals, including food insecurity, malabsorption, and metabolic alterations, the review outlines potential barriers to implementing optimal nutritional strategies. Concluding remarks emphasize the critical importance of personalized and comprehensive nutritional interventions in managing HIV/AIDS and enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals. The article underscores the need for further research to refine nutritional guidelines and recommendations, enabling healthcare providers and policymakers to offer tailored nutritional support to optimize immune function and overall health in HIV-positive populations. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Immune function, Micronutrients, Macronutrients, Dietary patterns, Nutritional strategies