Nutritional anemia in young children with focus on Asia and India

Kotecha, Prakash V

doi:10.4103/0970-0218.80786

Cited by 153 publications

(166 citation statements)

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“…2 In children, major health consequences include impaired cognitive and physical development and increased mortality and morbidity. 1,3 Low intake of iron-rich food is the main cause of anemia. 4 Other causes include infectious diseases, deficiencies of micronutrients such as folate and vitamin B 12 , 3 inherited conditions such as thalassaemia, 5 and environmental pollutants such as lead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anemia and Its Risk Factors Among Children 6–36 Months Old in Burma

Zhao¹,

Zhang²,

Peng³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Anemia is a common nutritional problem, and it has a remarkably high prevalence rate in Southeast Asia. In this study, children from 6 to 36 months were investigated to determine (1) the prevalence of anemia and (2) risk factors associated with anemia. Convenience sampling was used to select three villages in three different regions in Burma. Hemoglobin and anthropometric indicators were measured for 872 children. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with anemia. The overall prevalence of anemia was 72.6%, with 40.0% having severe anemia. Predictors of anemia are a young age (P 0.001), mother with anemia (P 0.001), height-for-age Z score −2 (P = 0.017), low family income (P 0.001), mothers without primary education (P = 0.007), drinking unboiled water (P = 0.029), and fever in the last 3 months (P = 0.001). There is a high prevalence of anemia in children, and their nutritional status is quite poor. To control anemia, humanitarians and governments should launch comprehensive interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anemia and Its Risk Factors Among Children 6–36 Months Old in Burma

Zhao¹,

Zhang²,

Peng³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The most pronounced decline was seen in children aged 25-48 months, children living in urban areas or the central region of the country, children who had never been breast-fed and children who did not show stunted growth. The positive impact of food fortification on the prevention and control of micronutrient deficiencies has been widely discussed (6,15) . A recent systematic review of 201 studies conducted on children and women (including 125 randomized controlled trials and seventy-six quasiexperimental studies) reported that fortification of foods with multiple micronutrients was associated with increased serum micronutrient and Hb concentrations among children (21) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in the prevalence of anaemia among children of pre-school age after implementation of wheat flour fortification with multiple micronutrients in Jordan

Rifai¹,

Nakamura²,

Seino³

2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine changes in the prevalence of anaemia and its correlates among children of pre-school age after implementation of wheat flour fortification with multiple micronutrients in Jordan. Design: Retrospective analysis of the data from two repeated national cross-sectional panels of pre-school children. Setting: The two surveys were conducted in 2007 and 2009, 16-20 months and 34-36 months, respectively, after implementation of wheat flour fortification with multiple micronutrients in Jordan. Anaemia was considered if Hb level was <11 g/dl. An anaemia prevalence of ≥40 % was considered a severe public health problem, while that of 20-39·9 % was considered a moderate public health problem. Subjects: A total of 3789 and 3447 children aged 6-59 months tested in 2007 and 2009, respectively. Results: The prevalence of anaemia in pre-school children declined from 40·4 % in 2007 to 33·9 % in 2009 (adjusted OR = 0·74; P < 0·001). The decline in the prevalence in 2009 as compared with 2007 was more pronounced among children aged >24 months (−13·7 points), children living in urban areas (−8·0 points), children from rich households (−9·0 points), children who had never been breastfed (−17·0 points) and well-nourished children (−6·8 points). In both surveys, presence of childhood anaemia was strongly associated with child age ≤24 months, living in poor households, breast-feeding for ≥6 months, malnourishment, poor maternal education and maternal anaemia. According to a global estimate based on data from 187 countries, the prevalence of anaemia has decreased from 40·2 % in 1990 to 32·9 % in 2010 (1) . The decline in prevalence was in both sexes and for all severities of anaemia. However, measurements of total years of life lived with disability (YLD), reflecting population size and disability weights, showed that anaemia was responsible for 68·3 million YLD in 2010. This was greater than 65·5 million YLD in 1990 (1) . The anaemia YLD in 2010 accounted for 8·8 % of the total for all conditions, and was more than for major depression (8·2 %), chronic respiratory diseases (6·3 %) and injuries (6·3 %) (1) . The children under 5 years were the age group that showed the highest prevalence of anaemia; this age group was the only age group with increased anaemia prevalence from 1990 to 2010 (1) .Children of pre-school age are the most vulnerable to the detrimental long-term effects of anaemia (1) . Worldwide, it is estimated that 293·1 million (47·4 %) pre-school children are anaemic (2) . In developing countries 30-80 % of pre-school children are anaemic at 1 year of age (3) . In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 46·7 % (0·8 million) of pre-school children are anaemic, which is higher than the prevalence of 21·7 % reported from Europe and 23·1 % reported from the Western Pacific Region (2) . The WHO classifies the severity of the public health problem of anaemia in a population into severe (≥40 % prevalence), moderate (20-39·9 % prevalence) or mild (5-19·9 % prevalence) based on the population anaemia prevalen...

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“…21 To prevent the development of anaemia, Indian Government recommends iron supplementations to younger children. 22 Steps must be taken by local authority for educating the mothers about the benefits of exclusive breast-feeding in the first six months of life followed by appropriate complementary feeding practices. But still we have a long way to eliminate iron deficiency in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Severity of Anaemia Among Hospitalised Children Aged 6-59 Months

Varghese¹,

Kamalakarababu²,

Vadakkedam³

2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDAnaemia is ubiquitous and has a global prevalence, more so in developing countries. Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people, which corresponds to 24.8% of the population and the highest prevalence is noted in preschool-age children (47.4%). Anaemia is a major health problem in India. Iron deficiency, the most common cause for anaemia can be effectively prevented and in case already developed, can be easily treated by simple measures. Hence, there is a dire necessity for comprehensive studies to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a retrospective descriptive study conducted at Institute of Child Health, Government Medical College, Kottayam. Data pertaining to gender, age, weight, serum haemoglobin level, diagnosis that led to admission and duration of hospitalisation were collected. The WHO criteria (haemoglobin < 11 g/dL) were used to diagnose anaemia. Chi-square test was used to find the association between grades of anaemia and various study parameters. RESULTSPrevalence of anaemia was 56.1% in the study group with 28.7%, 25.3% and 2.1% as mild, moderate and severe anaemia respectively. Proportion of anaemic cases decreased with age, varying from 71.3% in children between 6 and 12 months to 31.5% in children >36 months. CONCLUSIONA large proportion of hospitalised children less than 5 years of age were found anaemic. Among all the anaemic children, iron deficiency anaemia was high and it should be considered as a public health problem.

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Nutritional anemia in young children with focus on Asia and India

Cited by 153 publications

References 3 publications

Prevalence of Anemia and Its Risk Factors Among Children 6–36 Months Old in Burma

Prevalence of Anemia and Its Risk Factors Among Children 6–36 Months Old in Burma

Decline in the prevalence of anaemia among children of pre-school age after implementation of wheat flour fortification with multiple micronutrients in Jordan

Prevalence and Severity of Anaemia Among Hospitalised Children Aged 6-59 Months

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