Nutritional and Physiological Implications of Saponins: A Review

Cheeke, P. R.

doi:10.4141/cjas71-082

Cited by 119 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…22 The Saponin paradox is explained by the fact that hemolytic saponins are toxic when given via intravenous route. 23,24 This study observed increase in mean platelet volume in the 75 mg/kg aqueous extracts showing improved platelet quality, hence its possible role in hemostatic as earlier reported. 10 Increased mean platelet volume is an indication of larger and more reactive platelets resulting in increased platelet turnover.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

et al. 2017

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This study was designed to investigate the effects of the different extracts of Chromolaena odorata leave on the hematopoietic system of Wistar rats. Solvent extraction was used for the ethanol and aqueous extractions while decoction method was used for the crude extraction. Fifty Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 140-180 g were used for this study. They were divided into ten groups each containing five rats. The animals were fed the extracts by oral gavage once daily for 21 days. Blood sample was collected via cardiac artery. Hematological parameters were analyzed using automation method. The ethanol extract gave the highest extract yield. The aqueous, ethanol and crude extraction had median lethal toxicity (LD50) of 2738.6 mg/kg, 1581.1 mg/kg and 224.7 mg/kg, respectively. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the total white blood cell count was observed in the 75 mg/kg ethanol and 300 mg/kg crude extracts when compared with control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the hemoglobin concentration was observed in the 150 mg/kg ethanol extracts when compared with the control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the packed cell volume was seen in the 75 mg/kg aqueous, 150 mg/kg aqueous and 75 mg/kg ethanol extracts in respect to the control group. The mean cell volume, the mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio of the 75 mg/kg aqueous extract were significantly different (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. The present study showed possible treatment-induced hematopoietic function of C. odorata leave extracts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

et al. 2017

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“…The soyasaponins are mainly present in legumes, and significant amounts of soyasaponins are found in soybeans and soy products (John et al, 2004). The potential relationship of soyasaponins to health effects has been suggested (Cheeke, 1976;Potter et al, 1979;Messina et al, 1994;Messina, 1995;Joel and Zhang, 2008). Indeed, soyasaponins have anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective and antiviral activities, and soyasapogenol N exhibits antigenotoxic, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Soyasaponin I by Human Intestinal Microflora and Its Estrogenic and Cytotoxic Effects

Chang¹,

Han²,

Han³

et al. 2009

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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-Metabolites of Soyasaponin I, a major constituent of soybean, by human intestinal microflora were investigated by LC-MS/MS analysis. We found four peaks, one parental constituent and three metabolites:which was an unknown metabolite, soyasapogenol B 3-β-D-glucuronide. When soyasaponin I was incubated with the human fecal microbial fraction from ten individuals for 48 h, soyasaponin I was metabolized to soyasapogenol B via soyasaponin III and soyasapogenol B 3-β-D-glucuronide or via soyasaponin III alone. Both soyasaponin I and its metabolite soyasapgenol B exhibited estrogenic activity. Soyasaponin I increased the proliferation, mRNA expression of c-fos and pS2, in MCF7 cells more potently than soyasapogenol B. However, soyasapogenol B showed potent cytotoxicity against A549, MCF7, HeLa and HepG2 cells, while soyasaponin I did not. The cytotoxicity of soyasapogenol B may prevent its estrogenic effect from increasing dose-dependently. These findings suggest that orally administered soyasaponin I may be metabolized to soyasapogenol B by intestinal microflora and that soyasapogenol B may express a cytotoxic effect rather than an estrogenic effect.

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“…Based upon the results from the current study we tentatively conclude that of these factors, microbial digestion was the most important. Although our digestibility measurements cannot be used to differentiate degradability in the digestive tract from absorption, other data suggest that insignificant amounts of saponins cross the gut and enter the blood stream (Cheeke 1971;Small et al 1990). In contrast, although we are unaware of any studies in which the apparent digestibility of alfalfa saponins has been measured, it is known that rumen bacteria can degrade saponins (Gutierrez et al 1958;Gutierrez and Davis 1962).…”

Section: Degradability Of Saponins In the Digestive Tractmentioning

confidence: 77%

Degradability of alfalfa saponins in the digestive tract of sheep and their rate of accumulation in rumen fluid

Mathison

Soofi-Siawash²,

Klita³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. Degradability of alfalfa saponins in the digestive tract of sheep and their rate of accumulation in rumen fluid. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 315-319. Two experiments were conducted to examine the fate of alfalfa saponins in the digestive tract of sheep. In the first experiment 14.4 or 28.8 g saponins were administered intraruminally daily, which provided 62 and 78% of the total saponin entering the rumen. Degradabilities of the saponins in the total digestive tract were 96.0 and 97.9% (P = 0.13), respectively, but no attempt was made to determine how closely the products of degradation were related to the original molecules. In the second experiment, the rate of release of saponins from alfalfa into rumen fluid was measured in the presence and absence of viable bacteria. When no viable bacteria were present 74% of the saponins in the alfalfa appeared in rumen fluid after 8 h of incubation and this amount was unchanged at 24 h. Rate of release did not follow first order kinetics, rather an amount equivalent to approximately 8% of the original saponin concentration accumulated in the fluid each hour over the 8-h period. After 4 h, saponin concentrations in rumen fluid were decreased in the presence of viable bacteria indicating microbial metabolism was occurring. Final accumulation of saponins in the rumen fluid after 24 h incubation was 62% of that originally present in alfalfa samples when viable bacteria were present. It was concluded that saponins were rapidly released into rumen fluid and extensively degraded in the digestive tract. The implications of these observations on ruminant bloat are discussed.Key words: Alfalfa, saponins, digestibility, bloat, rumen fluid, bacteria Mathison, G. W., Soofi-Siawash, R., Klita, P. T., Okine, E. K. et Sedgwick, G. 1999. Dégradabilité des saponines de la luzerne dans l'appareil digestif du mouton et leur taux d'accumulation dans le liquide ruminal. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 315-319. Deux expériences ont été réalisées pour suivre le sort des saponines de la luzerne dans le système digestif du mouton. Dans la 1 re , les animaux recevaient quotidiennement 14,4 ou 28,8 g de saponines par voie intraruminale, correspondant, dans l'ordre, à 62 et à 78 % de l'apport total de saponines dans le rumen. Les taux de dégradabilité des saponines dans le tractus digestif étaient, respectivement, de 96,0 et 97,9 % (P = 0,13), mais on n'a pas cherché à déterminer le degré de parenté des produits de dégradation avec les molécules d'origine. Dans la 2 e expérience, nous mesurions le taux de relargage des saponines de la luzerne dans le liquide ruminal en présence et en l'absence de bactéries actives. En l'absence des bactéries, 74 % des saponines de la luzerne apparaissaient dans le liquide au bout de 8 h d'incubation, la poursuite de l'incubation jusqu'à 24 h n'apportant aucun changement ultérieur de la proportion. La courbe de relargage ne suivait pas une cinétique du premier ordre, mais on observait plutôt l'accumulation dans le liquide de l'équivalent d'approximativement 8 % de la concentratio...

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Nutritional and Physiological Implications of Saponins: A Review

Abstract: not available

Cited by 119 publications

References 2 publications

Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

Metabolism of Soyasaponin I by Human Intestinal Microflora and Its Estrogenic and Cytotoxic Effects

Degradability of alfalfa saponins in the digestive tract of sheep and their rate of accumulation in rumen fluid

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