Nutritional and Microbial Modulation of Carcinogenesis

Huges, R.; Rowland, I.R.

doi:10.1002/9780470774595.ch10

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Bacterial adherence to intestinal epithelial cells and long colonic transit times have been linked to intestinal putrefaction, bowel cancer, ulcerative colitis (UC), and antibiotic-associated colitis, as well as constipation (1,14,20,25,26). Furthermore, adherence and colonization are prerequisite attributes for bacterial functionality, particularly with respect to their interactions with intestinal enterocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence and Cytokine Induction in Caco-2 Cells by Bacterial Populations from a Three-Stage Continuous-Culture Model of the Large Intestine

Bahrami

Child

Macfarlane

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence and Cytokine Induction in Caco-2 Cells by Bacterial Populations from a Three-Stage Continuous-Culture Model of the Large Intestine

Bahrami

Child

Macfarlane

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Other sources of protein in the colon include bacterial secretions such as enzymes, sloughed off epithelial cells, bacterial lysis products and mucins [31]. Little is known about the species of bacteria responsible for the amino acid fermentation within the gut but certain Bacteroides spp., Eubacterium spp., Peptococcus spp., and clostridia produce a range of proteolytic enzymes [32,33]. Protein reaching the colon is fermented to SCFA, branched chain fatty acids such as isobutyrate, isovalerate and a range of nitrogenous compounds and ultimately to ammonia [34].…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Maillard reaction products by the human gut microbiota – implications for health

Tuohy¹,

Hinton²,

Davies³

et al. 2006

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

154

110

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The human colonic microbiota imparts metabolic versatility on the colon, interacts at many levels in healthy intestinal and systemic metabolism, and plays protective roles in chronic disease and acute infection. Colonic bacterial metabolism is largely dependant on dietary residues from the upper gut. Carbohydrates, resistant to digestion, drive colonic bacterial fermentation and the resulting end products are considered beneficial. Many colonic species ferment proteins but the end products are not always beneficial and include toxic compounds, such as amines and phenols. Most components of a typical Western diet are heat processed. The Maillard reaction, involving food protein and sugar, is a complex network of reactions occurring during thermal processing. The resultant modified protein resists digestion in the small intestine but is available for colonic bacterial fermentation. Little is known about the fate of the modified protein but some Maillard reaction products (MRP) are biologically active by, e. g. altering bacterial population levels within the colon or, upon absorption, interacting with human disease mechanisms by induction of inflammatory responses. This review presents current understanding of the interactions between MRP and intestinal bacteria. Recent scientific advances offering the possibility of elucidating the consequences of microbe-MRP interactions within the gut are discussed.

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“…Evidence implicates the microbiota in the pathophysiology of several diseases of the large intestine, including colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis (9,16,18,25,28). These diseases usually show distinct patterns of incidence in the large bowel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosa-Associated Bacterial Diversity in Relation to Human Terminal Ileum and Colonic Biopsy Samples

Ahmed

Macfarlane

Fite

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

183

116

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Little is known about bacterial communities that colonize mucosal surfaces in the human gastrointestinal tract, but they are believed to play an important role in host physiology. The objectives of this study were to investigate the compositions of these populations in the distal small bowel and colon. Healthy mucosal tissue from either the terminal ileum (n ‫؍‬ 6) or ascending (n ‫؍‬ 8), transverse (n ‫؍‬ 8), or descending colon (n ‫؍‬ 4) of 26 patients (age, 68.5 ؎ 1.2 years [mean ؎ standard deviation]) undergoing emergency resection of the large bowel was used to study these communities. Mucosa-associated eubacteria were characterized by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), while real-time PCR was employed for quantitative analysis. Mucosal communities were also visualized in situ using confocal laser scanning microscopy. DGGE banding profiles from all the gut regions exhibited at least 45% homology, with five descending colon profiles clustering at ca. 75% concordance. Real-time PCR showed that mucosal bacterial population densities were highest in the terminal ileum and that there were no significant differences in overall bacterial numbers in different parts of the colon. Bifidobacterial numbers were significantly higher in the large bowel than in the terminal ileum (P ‫؍‬ 0.006), whereas lactobacilli were more prominent in the distal large intestine (P ‫؍‬ 0.019). Eubacterium rectale (P ‫؍‬ 0.0004) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P ‫؍‬ 0.001) were dominant in the ascending and descending colon. Site-specific colonization in the gastrointestinal tract may be contributory in the etiology of some diseases of the large intestine.

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Nutritional and Microbial Modulation of Carcinogenesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 180 publications

Adherence and Cytokine Induction in Caco-2 Cells by Bacterial Populations from a Three-Stage Continuous-Culture Model of the Large Intestine

Adherence and Cytokine Induction in Caco-2 Cells by Bacterial Populations from a Three-Stage Continuous-Culture Model of the Large Intestine

Metabolism of Maillard reaction products by the human gut microbiota – implications for health

Mucosa-Associated Bacterial Diversity in Relation to Human Terminal Ileum and Colonic Biopsy Samples

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