Nutritional and fungal load dynamics of fresh brewers’ grain stored under aerobic conditions

Abstract

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the amplest by-product of the brewing process. The fresh BSG is currently used as low-cost cattle feed due to its microbiological instability and high perishability. While recent research looked at the effects of storage time and temperature on the characteristics of wet brewers grains (WBG) as ruminant feeds. Three storage temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C) and periods (2, 4 and 6 days) were arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Surface spoilage was not apparent at 15 °C throughout the storage periods. Deterioration was not also observed at 20 °C until the fourth day of storage where slight mold growth was apparent. Extensive mold growth was detected late in the sixth day at 20 °C and continued manifestations up until the last day of storage at 25 °C. Changes in major nutrients, DM losses, and yeast and mold colony count were significantly affected by the interaction of storage temperatures and durations (P < 0.05). Except for samples stored at 15 °C, nutrients contents decreased concomitantly (exceptions are ADF, lignin, and loss in DM) with prolonged storage times (p < 0.05) and increasing temperatures (p < 0.05). Contrast analysis indicated that it would be safe to store under aerobic storage conditions and feed the WBG for dairy cattle.

Effects of brewer's spent yeast inclusion level and ensiling duration on fermentative, fungal load dynamics, and nutritional characteristics of brewer's spent yeast-based silage

“…Contrary to the present findings, relatively higher (265 g CP/kgDM) content was reported by Ref. [ 30 ] for WBSG ensiled for 42 days. The increasing BSY level in the silage material fevered microorganism development, the bacteria present during silage fermentation are protein in nature with more than 75% of their cell mass in the form of the true protein [ 38 ].…”

“…The ME (MJ/kg DM) contents of WBSG was 9.8 MJ/kg DM which was in agreement with the 10.7 MJ, ME value previously reported [ 29 ]. The variations in chemical compositions of FBSY and WBSG contents in the present study and previously reported values were associated with several factors including malt grains type, conditions for cultivation and time of harvesting, malting and mashing process, amount and type of the adjuncts added in mixture with the barley malt during the process of wort production, period of fermentation, processing techniques, and analytical procedures [ 30 ]. Generally, BSY had a comparable nutritional value with BSG which made it a very good candidate protein supplementary feed to replace the most commonly used and costly protein sources in the country.…”

“…[ 32 ] also reported that extensive mold growth and discoloration of silage materials was observed only for longer storage duration and at the higher temperatures. On the other hand [ 30 ], reported that when WBSG stored under aerobic conditions for more than two days at temperatures above 20 °C showed visible changes, including an unpleasant odor, surface cracking, and color changes, which could have been caused by the rapid proliferation of yeast and molds. At 20 and 30% of the BSY inclusion level that was ensiled for 6 weeks of ED, relatively higher TDML of the silage sample was observed as a result of mold growth and discoloration as compared to the control group with no BSY.…”

Supplementing dairy feed by dicalcium phosphate and effect on dry matter intake, digestibility, milk composition, and blood mineral balances in crossbred dairy cows

“…A two-stage [18] in vitro digestibility technique was employed to analyze and calculate the digestible organic matter in the DM of the samples. Estimated metabolizable energy (EME) was estimated from the in vitro digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) as EME ðMJ=kgÞ ¼ 0:16 � DOMD [19]. Individual milk composite samples from the morning and evening sample were thawed before analysis, mixed thoroughly using vortex mixer, and analyzed for total solids, protein, lactose, and fat (milk lacto Scan Analyzer, 2016) at Ethiopia meat and dairy development industry (EMDIDI) [20].…”