Nutrition Situation in Ethnic Minority Populations

Mbuya, Nkosinathi Vusizihlobo; Atwood, Stephen J.; Huynh, Phuong

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1432-7_ch2

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Not all of these policies have had the time or the resources for impact assessment, but phase II of Program 135 was found in an evaluation between 2007 and 2012 to have reduced the poverty headcount in targeted areas by around 12 percentage points to 49%, but the poverty gap remained consistent at around 22% and the GINI coefficient of inequality actually increased in target areas, from 43 to 48 (UNDP, 2012). These figures suggest that some benefits of programmes in rural areas are captured by the relatively wealthy, as targeting is based on communes rather than at household level (Mbuya et al, 2019), so they may not be addressing some of the key drivers of economic change for minority populations.…”

Section: Change In the Wealth Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is despite policy dating back to 1989 which recognises the particularities of providing health services for ethnic minority populations (LAW No. 21-LCT/HĐNN8), and significant exceptions providing free coverage to poor and marginalized groups which has reduced the incidence of catastrophic health spending to 9.5% of the population in 2016 (Mbuya et al, 2019). Beyond the basic cost of services, the costs of transport to health centres remains, and so do food expenses while at the health centre, which may be prohibitive for some.…”

Section: Change In the Health Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the opening-up of Vietnam's economy in 1986, poverty rates have fallen significantly, from 58% in 1993 to 10% in 2012; the country achieved middle-income status in 2008 and is the world's second-largest exporter of rice (Mbuya et al, 2019). Through a sequenced combination of market liberalization, land reform, and public investments in health and education, combined with large aid and foreign direct investment inflows and collaboration with development partners, Vietnam has achieved a broad-based, sustained, and rapid economic growth, and translated this into human development outcomes through progressive taxation and interprovincial transfers (Baulch, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nobody left behind? Equity and the drivers of stunting reduction in Vietnamese ethnic minority populations

et al. 2021

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Vietnam has successfully reduced population stunting, but ethnic minority groups are being systematically left behind, limiting progress on national reductions. This mixed methods study aims to understand how policy drivers of stunting reduction differ between ethnic majority and minority communities. We used decomposition analysis to explain key determinants of stunting change between 2000 and 2010; and framework analysis to qualitatively assess changes in policy, actors and narratives that have underpinned these over decades. Our analysis shows that stunting reductions are associated with increased household wealth (accounting for 61% of change), improved access to specific health services (16%), and changes in level of maternal education (12%). Despite multiple actors involved in change and a large set of policies designed to address inequities, many among Vietnam’s defined ethnic minority groups are not finding themselves able to effectively engage with central government plans for their communities, and central policies often do not consider their preferences or limitations. This in turn impacts the nutrition of minority groups through the determinants above. Vietnam has achieved the easier portion of stunting reduction through national economic growth and sustained commitment to socially-oriented policy. In order to tackle the remaining pockets of high malnutrition, more attention, thought and funding will need to focus on marginalised ethnic minority communities. The current national development discourse aims to incorporate minorities into mainstream majority systems. This paper argues that policy should rather take into account their particular needs and preferences to address and overcome the identified determinants of malnutrition.

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Section: Change In the Wealth Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Change In the Health Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nobody left behind? Equity and the drivers of stunting reduction in Vietnamese ethnic minority populations

et al. 2021

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“…Nutrition policy formulation in Vietnam falls under the health sector, and is in general seen as comprehensive, with revisions over time keeping pace with changing nutrition profiles in the country: from hunger, to undernutrition, to nutrition transition (Mbuya et al, 2019). Recent assessment has found that for non-communicable disease policy, Vietnam's policy is salient and comprehensive, but that issues such as equity, gender and rights need further attention (Buse et al, 2020).…”

Section: Nutrition and Health Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensions and coalitions: A new trade agreement affects the policy space for nutrition in Vietnam

et al. 2022

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Global trade has shaped food systems over centuries, but modern trade agreements are hastening these changes and making them more complex, with implications for public health and nutrition transition. This study aimed to understand the impact of the 2018 Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) on the policy space for public health nutrition in Vietnam. We conducted comparative document review and key informant interviews, and our analysis drew on a framework of policy space and the theory of advocacy coalitions. We identified 10 CPTPP sections with potential public health nutrition implications; and 50 Vietnamese policies relevant to nutrition having one or more tensions with one or more CPTPP sections. A majority of policy tensions were in sections of the CPTPP relating to technical barriers to trade and government procurement; most tensions related to protecting policy-making from vested interests. Different groups of policy actors hold different beliefs and interests on these issues, and therefore promote different framings and policy approaches. We identified two advocacy coalitions working very separately on issues affecting nutrition policy space: a trade coalition holding the policy position that free trade improves nutrition by default; and a nutrition coalition holding the policy position that nutrition should be explicitly considered in trade policy. The policy space for nutrition in Vietnam has important potential constraints through written policy, and the trade and nutrition coalitions will need to interact more regularly and constructively in order to foresee where these tensions will arise in practice, and create plans for their mitigation. This study adds to global evidence of free trade agreement impacts on nutrition policy space, and we extend previous work by explaining these actor groupings in the policy space through the theory of advocacy coalitions.

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“…In Vietnam, despite the recent great achievements in reducing poverty and hunger, there is still a disparity in health outcomes with ethnic minority groups in rural and remote areas continuing to suffer from significant malnutrition [24,25]. Several policies and programs, along with significant investments, have been allocated to vulnerable communities such as the Khmer minority group to improve livelihood, health and nutrition status [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Dietary Diversity among the Ethnic Minority Groups in the Mekong Delta: Evidence for the Development of Public Health and Nutrition Policy in Vietnam

Nguyen

Phung

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Poor household dietary diversity has been linked to malnutrition in individuals, households, and cumulatively in populations. High rates of malnutrition among Khmer ethnic children aged five years and younger have been reported in Tri Ton district, Vietnam. This paper aims to further investigate household dietary diversity and associated factors among Khmer ethnic minority populations in Vietnam. A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 in Tri Ton District, An Giang Province. By employing a multistage sampling technique, a total of 402 (99.8% response rate) participants were interviewed to measure household dietary diversity using a structured and validated questionnaire developed by FAO. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with household dietary diversity. The results showed that the prevalence of low, medium and high dietary diversity scores were 21.4%, 70.4% and 8.2%, respectively. Male-headed households, literacy level, household income, exposure to mass media on nutrition and health information, and frequency of eating were positively associated with household dietary diversity (p < 0.05). However, owning a vegetable and rice farm was not statistically related to households’ dietary diversification. The paper concludes that the magnitude of household diversified dietary intakes was essentially low to medium in participants’ households. These findings have provided evidence to inform the development of the National Nutrition Strategy—2021–2030 in Vietnam, to be revised in 2045. This national strategy proposes appropriate interventions, programs and policies to improve socioeconomic status in ethnic groups and in mountainous areas to enhance populations’ health and well-being including controlling childhood malnutrition. In order to improve population health and wellbeing in Tri Ton District, further actions to address effective dietary practices including strengthening nutrition and health communication about the need to improve household dietary diversity to high levels are recommended.

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Nutrition Situation in Ethnic Minority Populations

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Nobody left behind? Equity and the drivers of stunting reduction in Vietnamese ethnic minority populations

Nobody left behind? Equity and the drivers of stunting reduction in Vietnamese ethnic minority populations

Tensions and coalitions: A new trade agreement affects the policy space for nutrition in Vietnam

Household Dietary Diversity among the Ethnic Minority Groups in the Mekong Delta: Evidence for the Development of Public Health and Nutrition Policy in Vietnam

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