Nutrition-related diseases in Southern Africa: With special reference to urban African populations in transition

Walker, Alexander

doi:10.1016/0271-5317(95)00067-s

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Mean values of VOz kg-' for rural African pupils, a third of whom were under the 5th centile of weight-forage, were closely similar to those of white children of the same age. Subsequent studies revealed lower mean values, although not significantly so, in pupils below the 5th centile (Walker, 1995).…”

Section: Functional Characteristics and Energy Output In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 84%

Interaction between physical activity and nutrition early in life and their impact on later development

Pařízková

1998

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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It has been rare to find studies of the influence of nutrition on growth that have incorporated careful measurements of physical activity. This paper reviews interactions between physical activity and nutrition in early life and finds that such interactions have a significant influence on growth and later metabolism.Young animals are generally characterized by a high level of spontaneous motor activity that contributes to a high rate of energy turnover in early life. Such activity varies greatly between species and individuals and can be increased by reduced (but not extreme) dietary intake especially of protein, with consequent effects on growth rate (slower), body composition (leaner), eventual body size (smaller), lifespan (longer), cardiac resistance to toxic substances (increased) and changes in body lipids. Most studies have been conducted with laboratory rats but the much smaller literature concerning human beings is also reviewed here.In rats, exercise during pregnancy results in offspring that are smaller and leaner and there are later improvements in cardiac microstructure, cardiac resistance to toxic substances and lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations.In industrialized countries in recent years, children's fitness, especially of the cardiorespiratory system has not developed at the same pace as body size, or has deteriorated, whereas average body mass index (BMI) and the overall prevalence of obesity have increased. This is partly accounted for by reduced levels of physical activity but there is some evidence that higher intakes of dietary proteins in early life are also implicated. Much recent research has focused on the influence of nutrition in the prenatal and early postnatal period on later health. This review has also underlined the importance of exercise and its interaction with diet beginning with the pregnant mother and continuing through childhood. Development and wider use of simple but reliable methods for the evaluation of physical activity and fitness in young children is now an important priority.

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Section: Functional Characteristics and Energy Output In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 84%

Interaction between physical activity and nutrition early in life and their impact on later development

Pařízková

1998

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…Urbanisation is commonly associated with a shift from the traditional eating pattern to a more westernised lifestyle and diet (Drewnowski & Popkin, 1997;Popkin & Doak, 1998;Walker, 1995). As part of this nutrition transition, an increase in the intake of fat, animal protein, sugar and salt has occurred (Walker, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of this nutrition transition, an increase in the intake of fat, animal protein, sugar and salt has occurred (Walker, 1995). As a result, diseases of lifestyle such as obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, certain cancers and hypertension have become common in developing communities (Freudenheim, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, diseases of lifestyle such as obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, certain cancers and hypertension have become common in developing communities (Freudenheim, 1991). In South Africa, urbanisation is taking place at a rapid rate, especially among the black population (Walker, 1995). Although hypertension in rural Africans is relatively low (5-8%), it is common amongst black urbanised South Africans (Walker, 1995;Walker & Charlton, 2001), especially those that are Sesotho-speaking (Mollentze et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South Africa, urbanisation is taking place at a rapid rate, especially among the black population (Walker, 1995). Although hypertension in rural Africans is relatively low (5-8%), it is common amongst black urbanised South Africans (Walker, 1995;Walker & Charlton, 2001), especially those that are Sesotho-speaking (Mollentze et al, 1995). In the black population hypertension occurs at a younger age than in the white population (Isaacson et al, 1989) and prevalence of hypertension tends to be higher in women than in men (Walker, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumer acceptability and salt perception of food with a reduced sodium content

Malherbe¹,

Walsh²,

Merwe³

2010

jfecs

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OPSOMMINGDie doel van die studie was om te bepaal tot watter mate die soutinhoud van voedsel verlaag kan word, sonder om 'n betekenisvolle verandering in die aanvaarbaarheid en soutpersepsie van 'n reeks tuisvoorbereide voedsels te veroorsaak.'n Verteenwoordigende steekproef van die stedelike populasie in die Vrystaat (N=58) is gebruik, met ouderdom en ras as voorspellers. Affektiewe sintuiglike toetse is gebruik om die aanvaarbaarheid en soutpersepsie van vier geregte met variërende natriumkonsentrasies (normale natriuminhoud; ongeveer een derde natriumverlaging en ongeveer twee derdes natriumverlaging) vas te stel. Die natriuminhoud is bepaal met behulp van voedselsamestellingstabelle en is bevestig met behulp van chemiese analise.'n Herhaalde metings/multi-faktore ANOVA is gebruik vir data-analise en gepaarde t-toetse is aangewend om te toets vir beduidende verskille tussen die gemiddeldes.Die verskil in gemiddelde aanvaarbaarheid van die normale resep en die 1/3 natriumverminderde resep vir die saamgestelde gereg met 'n gladde tekstuur (groentesop) was nie betekenisvol nie (p=0,59). Dieselfde bevinding is gemaak ten opsigte van die eenvoudige gereg met 'n growwe tekstuur (krummelpap, p=0,14) en die saamgestelde gereg met 'n growwe tekstuur (beesvleisbredie, p=0,47). In teenstelling het die 1/3 natriumverlaging van die eenvoudige gereg met 'n gladde tekstuur (kapokaartappels) die aanvaarbaarheid betekenisvol beïnvloed (p<0,0001). In teenstelling met aanvaarbaarheid, is soutpersepsie afhanklik van die voedsel wat as draer gebruik word, sowel as kruisaanpassing.Natriuminhoud kan met dertig persent verlaag word sonder om die aanvaarbaarheid van die meeste tuisvoorbereide geregte noemenswaardig te verminder. Dit is egter nodig om die sout-interaksie met ander sintuiglike komponente, sowel as die media waarin die natrium voorkom, in aanmerking te neem wanneer aanbevelings ten opsigte van natriumbeperkings gemaak word.

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Nutritionally Related Disorders/Diseases in Africans

Walker¹

1997

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Nutrition-related diseases in Southern Africa: With special reference to urban African populations in transition

Cited by 31 publications

References 79 publications

Interaction between physical activity and nutrition early in life and their impact on later development

Interaction between physical activity and nutrition early in life and their impact on later development

Consumer acceptability and salt perception of food with a reduced sodium content

Nutritionally Related Disorders/Diseases in Africans

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