Beijing, and proposed making health a strategic priority to accelerate public health and fitness in China. 1,2 In October 2016, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council promulgated the Outline of Healthy China 2030 Plan, which specified that the core concept in prioritizing health is a more accurate positioning for the development of health and fitness in the long run as it focuses on the all-round development and health of a greater number of people. 1 People's health management has become an important national strategy because of the great importance attached to health by China's policy-makers. 3 Due to social and economic development, progress in medical and health services, and changes in people's lifestyles, the spectrum of disease among Chinese people has profoundly changed. A growing number of Chinese residents are contracting chronic diseases that are closely associated with environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyles. Five chronic diseases-cardiovascular diseases, tumors, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and mental disorders-have been identified as having a far-reaching impact on the country's medical and economic systems over the next two decades, according to a renewed warning by the Global Risks Report 2011. 2 The deaths caused by chronic diseases in China account for 87% of total deaths. The burden of chronic diseases has accounted for approximately 70% of the total burden of diseases in China, thus posing a tough challenge for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. 4 Additionally, nearly 300 million Chinese people suffer from hypertension and being overweight. It has been estimated that approximately 100 million Chinese people contract diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and more than 10 million people suffer from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and obesity, respectively. These diseases not only consume considerable medical resources, but also place a heavy burden on individuals, their families, and society. 2 Therefore, obtaining a clear perspective on the epidemiological trend of chronic diseases among Chinese residents will provide a foundation for exploring strategies for the prevention and treatment of such diseases in China and for proactively preventing and controlling the incidence and development of such diseases.