Nutrition of Substrate-Grown Plants

Silber, A.; Bar‐Tal, Asher

doi:10.1016/b978-044452975-6.50010-1

Cited by 34 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Irrigation frequency may have an effect on the root system through three main mechanisms: (1) the direct effect on water content distribution in the soil volume and water availability, (2) the indirect effect on nutrient availability and (3) the indirect effect on root distribution and growth (Assouline 2002;Assouline et al 2002Assouline et al , 2006Silber and Bar-Tal 2008). Frequent applications of water and nutrients ensure that the root vicinity is well supplied with fresh nutrient solution during fertigation events and that depletion zones of water and nutrients do not form as shown in simulated scenarios of pepper seedlings (Bar-Tal et al 1993).…”

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The effects of container geometry on water and heat regimes in soilless culture: lettuce as a case study

et al. 2014

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significantly with container height, especially for the high irrigation frequency treatments. Container geometry had an effect on the water and temperature regimes. Water content values in tall and narrow containers were lower than those in short and wide containers that had an equal volume of growth medium per unit length. Higher medium temperatures and daily fluctuations were observed in the tall containers. The calculated evapotranspiration rate was higher in the tall containers, and a stronger effect on evapotranspiration was obtained with high irrigation frequency. AbbreviationsLIF Low irrigation frequency HIF High irrigation frequency ET Evapotranspiration (L day −1 plant −1 ) IR Irrigation (L day −1 plant −1 ) DR Drainage (L day −1 plant −1 )

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The effects of container geometry on water and heat regimes in soilless culture: lettuce as a case study

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“…In well-buffered systems, moderate reductions in pH due to nitrification and root excretion of protons increase uptake of micronutrients, which prevent plant growth disorders induced by micronutrient deficiencies (42). However, application of ammonium-based fertilizer in low-buffered soils and soilless media may result in rapid nitrification-associated soil acidification, which can significantly modify the soil microbiome and have a deleterious impact on crop growth.…”

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“…Although urea is the cheapest and most concentrated nitrogen source fertilizer, it requires hydrolysis to ammonium before it can be utilized by plants; therefore, soilless culture systems more frequently apply ammonium and nitrate fertilizers (42). The ratio between ammonium and nitrate has great agricultural significance and affects both plants and soil/ growth media.…”

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“…In many cases, greenhouse cultivation has moved from soil-based systems to commercial-scale soilless medium-based systems that enable increased crop productivity and efficiency with significant reduction of soil-associated plant pathogens (45). Although medium-free hydroponic systems are sometimes used, most contemporary soilless culture is based on growth in artificial substrates such as sand, stone wool, polyurethane, vermiculite, perlite, and scoria (tuff) (42). These media provide plants with physical support and a steady reservoir of nutrients, water, and oxygen and simplify the capacity to monitor and regulate key agronomic parameters such as electrical conductivity, pH, and temperature (43).…”

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“…The ratio between ammonium and nitrate has great agricultural significance and affects both plants and soil/ growth media. Different plant species require different ammonium/nitrate (RN) ratios for optimal growth, and the correct ratio to be applied also varies with temperature, growth stage, rhizosphere pH, and soil properties (42).…”

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Impact of Short-Term Acidification on Nitrification and Nitrifying Bacterial Community Dynamics in Soilless Cultivation Media

Cytryn

Levkovitch

Negreanu

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTSoilless medium-based horticulture systems are highly prevalent due to their capacity to optimize growth of high-cash crops. However, these systems are highly dynamic and more sensitive to physiochemical and pH perturbations than traditional soil-based systems, especially during nitrification associated with ammonia-based fertilization. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of nitrification-generated acidification on ammonia oxidation rates and nitrifying bacterial community dynamics in soilless growth media. To achieve this goal, perlite soilless growth medium from a commercial bell pepper greenhouse was incubated with ammonium in bench-scale microcosm experiments. Initial quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that betaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizers were significantly more abundant than ammonia-oxidizing archaea, and therefore, research focused on this group. Ammonia oxidation rates were highest between 0 and 9 days, when pH values dropped from 7.4 to 4.9. Pyrosequencing of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizingamoAgene fragments indicated that r-strategist-likeNitrosomonaswas the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacterial genus during this period, seemingly due to the high ammonium concentration and optimal growth conditions in the soilless media. Reduction of pH to levels below 4.8 resulted in a significant decrease in both ammonia oxidation rates and the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, with increased relative abundance of the r-strategist-likeNitrosospira. Nitrite oxidizers (NitrospiraandNitrobacter) were on the whole more abundant and less sensitive to acidification than ammonia oxidizers. This study demonstrates that nitrification and nitrifying bacterial community dynamics in high-N-load intensive soilless growth media may be significantly different from those inin-terraagricultural systems.

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Effect of different macronutrient cation ratios on macronutrient and water uptake by melon (Cucumis melo) grown in recirculating nutrient solution

Neocleous

Savvas

2015

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The aim of the present study was to determine uptake ratios between macronutrients and water for melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Dikti) grown in a closed soilless cropping system. The obtained data can be used to establish standard nutrient solution compositions for melon crops grown in closed hydroponic systems under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Nutrient and water uptake by plants in the closed hydroponic system was compensated for by supplying replenishment nutrient solutions (RNS) differing either in the concentrations of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ or in their mutual ratio. The RNS, used as control treatment, had an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.74 dS m−1 and contained 6.5 mM K+, 2.8 mM Ca2+, and 1.0 mM Mg2+ (K+ : Ca2+ : Mg2+ = 0.63 : 0.27 : 0.10). Control RNS was compared with two other RNS, both with a high Ca2+ level (4.2 mM). The K+ and Mg2+ levels in these two RNSs were: (1) not altered (corresponding to a ratio of K+ : Ca2+ : Mg2+ = 0.55 : 0.36 : 0.09; EC = 2.0 dS m−1) or (2) increased to maintain the same K+ : Ca2+ : Mg2+ ratio as in the control RNS (EC = 2.45 dS m−1). Nutrient to water uptake ratios, commonly termed uptake concentrations (UCs), were assessed by two alternative methods, i.e., (1) estimating the ratio between nutrient and water removal from the system or (2) estimating the ratio between the mass of the nutrient that was recovered from plant biomass and the water consumption. Over the two methods, mean UCs for N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 15.4, 1.31, 5.47, 3.78, and 1.02 mmol L−1, respectively, and tissue analysis resulted in a K : Ca : Mg molar ratio of = 0.55 : 0.34 : 0.11 in the whole plant. Moreover, the UCs tended to decrease as the crop aged although, in absolute values, the mass of nutrients absorbed increased following dry‐weight accumulation. Based on the obtained results, adapting the composition of the nutrient solution at least three times during the cropping period of melon is recommended. Further, the results revealed that the damage caused by the increase of the EC when attempting to maintain a target K+ : Ca2+ : Mg2+ ratio in the replenishment NS is higher than the benefits from the optimal cation ratio. Increasing K+ and Mg2+ concentration in addition to that of Ca2+ to maintain a standard K+ : Ca2+ : Mg2+ ratio raises the EC in the root zone (4.62 dS m−1), due to increased accumulation of nutrients, thereby reducing the mean fruit weight and concomitantly the total fruit yield (20% decrease). Leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll parameters and fruit taste quality were not influenced by the differences in macronutrient cation concentrations or ratios in the RNS, whereas phenolics and antioxidant capacity in melon fruit were enhanced by the increased root‐zone EC.

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Nutrition of Substrate-Grown Plants

Cited by 34 publications

References 221 publications

The effects of container geometry on water and heat regimes in soilless culture: lettuce as a case study

The effects of container geometry on water and heat regimes in soilless culture: lettuce as a case study

Impact of Short-Term Acidification on Nitrification and Nitrifying Bacterial Community Dynamics in Soilless Cultivation Media

Effect of different macronutrient cation ratios on macronutrient and water uptake by melon (Cucumis melo) grown in recirculating nutrient solution

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