Nutrition of Salmonoid Fishes

Buhler, Donald R.; Halver, John E.

doi:10.1093/jn/74.3.307

Cited by 156 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Research in our laboratory has indicated that digestible carbohydrates in excess of 140 g/kg diet cannot be efficiently utilized by salmonids, which is consistent with the results of Phillips et al (1948). However, this conclusion is in contrast to the conclusions of Buhler & Halver (1961), Luquet (1971) and Bergot (1979) who suggest that levels of 200 g/kg diet or higher are effectively utilized.…”

contrasting

confidence: 57%

Evaluation of the net energy value of glucose (cerelose) and maize starch in diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1987

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1. Quadruplicate groups of rainbow trout (Sulmo gairdneri) (mean body-weight 24.9 g) were reared on six dietary treatments (practical-type diets) in a modified paired-feeding experiment for 12 weeks at 15" to determine the net energy (NE) value of starch and glucose to rainbow trout.2. Three test diets were prepared to contain (g/kg): 0 supplemented carbohydrate (diet I), 250 maize starch (diet 2) and 250 glucose (diet 3) and were given ad lib. to the trout with the feeding rate of the glucose-and starchfed groups being monitored after each feeding. The remaining three treatments involved controlled feeding of the trout with diet I at 75 % of the feed intake of trout reared on diets 2 and 3, so as to provide the same levels of protein and lipids without carbohydrate, and with diet 2 at 100% of the feed intake of trout reared on diet 3.3. The difference in the final carcass energy of the ad lib.-fed group and the respective controlled-fed group divided by the amount of dietary glucose or starch energy consumed by the trout is the NE value for that carbohydrate.4. The determined NE value of glucose was 3.99 kJ/g and starch 2.17 kJ/g, which is 24.6 and 12.6% respectively of the gross energy values of these carbohydrates in rainbow trout. .The results indicate that digestible energy and calculated metabolizable energy values for carbohydrates in rainbow trout overestimate the utilizable energy content of the diet.6. The determined NE values for glucose and starch in the present study should be used with caution since various factors (such as the feeding rate determined in the present study) may affect the utilization of dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout.

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confidence: 57%

Evaluation of the net energy value of glucose (cerelose) and maize starch in diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1987

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“…Previous studies, based primarily on growth and mortality results, (Phillips et al 1948;Buhler & Halver, 1961 ;Luquet, 1971) have indicated that the maximum tolerable level of digestible carbohydrate in salmonid diets is approximately 200 g/kg. The results of this study indicated that trout reared on a dietary cerelose level of 210 g/kg showed a significant growth depression (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to increased levels of available carbohydrate in practical trout diets

1982

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I . The physiological response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri] reared on different levels of available carbohydrate in practical trout diets having the same levels of energy and nitrogen for 1 6 2 4 weeks was determined.2 However, no significant effect was noted on the activity of these liver enzymes above a dietary cerelose level of 140 g/kg.5. Liver fructose diphosphatase (EC 3.1 .3.11) activity increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate has been interpreted as meaning a recycling of triosephosphate to glucose-6-phosphate.6. Dietary carbohydrate level had no significant effect on the liver pyruvate kinase (EC 2 . 7 . 1 .40) activity, the rate of glucose utilization or the percentage conversion of [*4C]alanine to glucose in the plasma of trout.7. The results indicate that rainbow trout have a limited ability to adapt to increased dietary carbohydrate and a level in excess of 140 g/kg of the diet is not efficiently utilized.

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“…Salmonid fish are generally thought to be poor digesters of carbohydrates. If; however, starch or starchy feeds Are hydrothermically treated, considerdble dietary proportions seem to be utilized quite efficiently ( BUHLER and HALVER 1961;EDWARDS et al 1977;BERGOT 1979; P I E I J E R~~~ PFEFFER 1980a, b ;HILTON et al 1991;BERGOT and BREQUE 1983;KAUSHIK and OLIVA TELES 1985;BIEREK-WLASCHNY and PFEFFER 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat and wheat starch as potential sources of digestible energy for rainbow trout (Oncorhyrwhus mykiss)

Henrichfreise

Pfeffer

1992

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Zusammenfassung Weizen und Weizenstärke als mögliche Quellen von verdaulicher Energie für Regenbogenforellen (Onkorhynchus mykiss) An Regenbogenforellen wurden acht Futtermischungen gefuttert, in denen entweder zu 25 oder zu 45% eine der folgenden Komponenten enthalten war: unbehandelter Weizen, hydrothermisch behandelter Weizen, rohe Weizenstärke, Weizenquellstärke. Der Gehalt an verdaulicher Energie (DE) in den übrigen verwendeten Mischungskomponenten (Casein, Weizenkleber, Fischöl) war aus vorangegangenen Untersuchungen bekannt. Die Summe aus zu testender Komponente und Casein machte in jeder Mischung 75% aus. Jeder Mischung war Cr2O5 als inerter Marker zugesetzt. Kot wurde durch Abstreifen gewonnen. Für jede zu testende Komponente war der DE‐Gehalt bei einem Mischungsanteil von 45% niedriger als bei 25%. Ausgedrückt als Funktion des Mischungsanteils L ergab sich für die einzelnen Komponenten folgender Gehalt an DE (MJ/kg Trockensubstanz): 22.8 – 0.36 L für unbehandelten Weizen; 22 2 – 0.20 L für hydrothermisch behandelten Weizen; 8.9 – 0.08 L für rohe Weizenstärke; 18.5 – 0.20 L für Weizenquellstärke. Die Verdaulichkeit des Rohproteins war für alle Mischungen mindestens 96% und zeigte keine negative Beeinflussung durch Steigerung des Proteingehaltes der Mischung.

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Nutrition of Salmonoid Fishes

Cited by 156 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of the net energy value of glucose (cerelose) and maize starch in diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Evaluation of the net energy value of glucose (cerelose) and maize starch in diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to increased levels of available carbohydrate in practical trout diets

Wheat and wheat starch as potential sources of digestible energy for rainbow trout (Oncorhyrwhus mykiss)

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