Nutrition, obesity and their relationship with liver diseases

Abstract

Introduction: The frequent consumption of foods high in saturated fat content has been associated with the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, especially in developed countries. The aim is to conduct a literature review on nutrition and its relationship with obesity and the emergence of liver diseases. Methods: A literature review was conducted in digital libraries such as PubMed, Scielo, and Latindex, meeting inclusion criteria: years between 2019 and 2023, updated dietary guidelines, official documents, scientific articles, and books in English and Spanish. Results: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing condition, being one of the most relevant chronic liver diseases worldwide, especially in adults, school-age children, and adolescents. It has been associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, affecting 25-30% of the adult population, with higher prevalence in countries such as Brazil, Chile, and Colombia in Latin America. NAFLD can lead to serious complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Prevention includes lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity, as well as early identification through nutritional screening tools in medical and nutritional consultations. Conclusion: There is a direct relationship between nutrient type, dietary habits, lifestyle, and the emergence of obesity and its complications in liver functions, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and alterations in the functions of other organs.