Nutrition-induced differences in body composition, compensatory growth and endocrine status in growing pigs ,

Abstract

In this experiment, we assessed the effect of amino acid (AA) intake restriction in entire male Yorkshire pigs between 15 and 38 kg BW (restriction phase) on BW gain, body composition and plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cortisol, insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and leptin during the subsequent re-alimentation phase. During the restriction phase, 36 pigs were allotted to one of two dietary treatments: adequate AA intake (control) or AA-limiting diets (AA-30%). Thereafter, pigs were fed common non-limiting diets up to 110 kg BW. Throughout the experiment, pigs were scale-fed at 90% of the estimated voluntary daily digestible energy intake. At the end of the restriction phase, pigs on AA-30% had lesser BW gain (650 v. 784 g/day; P , 0.001), loin area (LA; 12.2 v. 14.2 cm 2 ; P , 0.001), BUN (4.6 v. 6.3 mg/dl; P , 0.02), lesser plasma levels of IGF-I (440 v. 640 ng/m; P , 0.001) and cortisol (8.2 v. 19.2 mg/dl; P , 0.001), greater backfat thickness (BF; 7.56 v. 6.56 mm; P , 0.02), and greater plasma levels of leptin (2.7 v. 1.8 ng/ml; P 5 0.027) and GH (3.3 v. 2.0 ng/ml; P 5 0.05) than pigs on control. During the re-alimentation phase, previously restricted pigs showed full compensatory growth (CG) in terms of BW gain (1170 v. 1077 g/day; P , 0.002), whole-body protein deposition (Pd) (179 v. 163 g/day; P , 0.001) as well as physical and chemical body composition (whole-body lipid to body protein mass ratio, LB/PB; 1.14 v. 1.15; P . 0.10). Besides GH at 45 kg BW (4.2 v. 2.4 ng/ml; P 5 0.066), there were no effects of previous AA intake restriction on leptin, IGF-I and BUN during the re-alimentation phase ( P . 0.10). Plasma cortisol and IGF-I levels may act as an indicator of AA-induced restriction in Pd in growing pigs. Plasma BUN level does not appear as a sensitive indicator for compensatory Pd. Plasma leptin and GH levels allow for the involvement of the brain in controlling chemical body composition. Full CG was observed during the energydependent phase of Pd in growing pigs and might be driven by a target LB/PB, possibly mediated via plasma leptin, IGF-I and GH levels.

Impact of diet deprivation and subsequent over-allowance during prepuberty. Part 1. Effects on growth performance, metabolite status, and mammary gland development in gilts1

“…The similar backfat thickness but reduced LM thickness of TRT gilts at the end of the last over-allowance period indicates a reduced protein deposition. Martinez-Ramirez et al (2009) also reported reduced loin depth and loin area during a re-alimentation phase that followed a feed-restriction phase (from 15 to 38 kg of BW) in male pigs, yet this effect disappeared with time.…”

Are compensatory growth and catch-up growth two sides of the same coin?

“…The fact that compensatory growth can (at least partially) offset the effects of a period of growth depression on development and life-history transitions means that the phenomenon has attracted the attention of ecologists, animal scientists, fisheries managers, and aquaculturists. Most studies on farmed species have been aimed at examining the potential to use compensatory growth to improve production efficiency and/or influence the composition of the saleable product (Wright and Russel 1991;Jobling 1994;Jobling et al 1994;Hornick et al 2000;Wang et al 2000;Ali et al 2003;Skalski et al 2005;Mitchell 2007;Oh et al 2008;Turano et al 2008;Martinez-Ramirez et al 2009). …”

“…There are, however, differences in the rates of change of the two compartments depending upon feeding conditions (Hornick et al 2000;Johansen et al 2001;Forbes 2002). In the context of compensatory growth there appears to be an initial accretion of LBM followed by accumulation of body fat (Harris et al 1986;Wright and Russel 1991;Hornick et al 2000;Johansen et al 2001;Mitchell 2007;Martinez-Ramirez et al 2009). Although these findings relate mostly to mammals and birds, it has been suggested that similar mechanisms may be operative in fish, and that they have a role in governing compensatory growth responses (Jobling and Johansen 1999;Johansen et al 2001).…”

The Progression of Isoflurane-induced Malignant Hyperthermia and Its Attenuation by Cisatracurium in a Pre-clinical Porcine Model of Heart Transplant

“…Data was analyzed using Sigmaplot 11.0 software. The normal physiological values for Yorkshire swine were derived from the available literature [9][10][11][12][13].…”