Nutrition in Relation to Organic Aquaculture: Sources and Strategies

Mente, Eleni; Jokumsen, Alfred; Carter, Chris; Antonopoulou, Efthimia; Tacon, Albert G. J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05603-2_8

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Organic aquaculture is a holistic approach to farm management and food production that combines best environmental practices, maintains biodiversity, conserves natural resources, and requires high fish welfare with the preference of certain consumers (Lembo and Mente 2019;Mente et al 2019). Organic aquaculture is rooted in four principles: (1) health, (2) ecology, (3) fairness, and (4) care (Gould et al 2019).…”

Section: Overview and Global Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analysis applying life cycle assessment suggests that organic salmon aquaculture is often unsuccessful to diminish the environmental impacts derived from aquafeed production, including fish oil, fishmeal, and other organic crop ingredients (Pelletier and Tyedmers 2007). Because of environmental concerns, the use of alternative feed for organic aquaculture is a high priority (Mente et al 2019). Due to limited resources of marine fishmeal and fish oil, vegetable protein and oil can be applied in salmon farming (Olesen et al 2011).…”

Section: Confronting Environmental Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essential amino acids (e.g., histidine) can be obtained by fermentation of natural substances of microbial non-GMO origin or other similar procedures, which is currently allowed by the European regulation (EC 889/2008) and Naturland (EGTOP 2013;Naturland 2020). Single Cell Protein (SCP), i.e., protein produced in algal and microbial (bacteria, fungi) cells, and soluble fish protein concentrate of organic origin, is an option to be used as feed in organic aquaculture (Ritala et al 2017;Mente et al 2019). New organic alternative protein ingredients that are speciesspecific, such as "processed animal protein (PAP)" that has a considerably higher protein value (45-90%), produced from organic agriculture, as well as organic insect-based diets, can be applied in organic aquaculture (EGTOP 2013;Mente et al 2019).…”

Section: Confronting Environmental Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic aquaculture productivity, environmental sustainability, and food security: insights from organic agriculture

2020

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Organic aquaculture originated from the organic agriculture movement. Organic fish farming is an ecosystem-based management system, which was developed as a potential substitute to address environmental constraints faced by intensive aquaculture. However, the transformation from conventional aquaculture to organic aquaculture is a multidimensional, complex, and expensive process. The further development of organic aquaculture can be enhanced by establishing uniform organic aquaculture standards. Converting to organic aquaculture brings a wide range of environmental advantages. Nevertheless, organic yields are significantly lower than those of modern aquaculture, which will reduce its contribution to global food security. To meet global demand for fish and seafood from an increasing human population, food production from aquaculture must be enhanced since production from capture fisheries has remained stagnant. Because aquaculture is associated with various environmental constraints, a further increase in fish production will encounter diverse environmental challenges. Greater use of organic aquaculture practices will help to diminish environmental footprints of aquaculture. We propose that fish production could increase through the sustainable intensification of a combination of production systems, including polyculture, integrated aquaculture, and organic aquaculture.

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Section: Overview and Global Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confronting Environmental Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confronting Environmental Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic aquaculture productivity, environmental sustainability, and food security: insights from organic agriculture

2020

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“…First, precision feeding, which implies feeding relatively much ALA to young fish that are best adapted to elongate ALA into EPA/DHA (Bell & Koppe, 2010), while keeping EPA/DHA rich ingredients to feed fish at harvesting stages where they are upcycled into the ASF most efficiently (Bell et al, 2003;Codabaccus et al, 2013). Second, farming fish species that are better able to convert ALA into EPA/DHA, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Mente et al, 2019) and other freshwater species (Rodrigues et al, 2017). Third, in-vitro production of EPA/DHA by micro algae for both feed and food, an industry that is still in its infancy (Peltomaa et al, 2018;Vigani et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced productivity in fish, however, likely has limited potential as it increases excretion of non-digestible nutrients causing eutrophication and environmental degradation for cage farmed salmon (Nordvarg & Johansson, 2002;Qi et al, 2019) and adverse health effects for tilapia farmed in tanks (Austin, 1998). Lower trophic fish, and species well adapted to synthesise EPA/DHA out of shorter chained fatty acids, such as rainbow trout (Mente et al, 2019) and various fresh water species (Rodrigues et al, 2017), are likely of more value and should be explored in future studies.…”

Section: Farmed Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling biomass in a circular food system : The role of livestock and fish

Hal¹

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A more circular food system is increasingly proposed to address the challenge of feeding a growing world population while limiting environmental impacts and resource use. A circular food system prioritises resources for direct food supply to avoid feed-food competition. The role of animals is to upcycle resources unsuitable or undesired for human consumption, so called low-opportunity-cost feeds (LCF) into animal-source food. This thesis evaluates the potential of various animals in upcycling LCF in a circular food system by applying an optimisation model that allocates available LCF to that combination of animals that maximise the supply of human digestible protein (HDP) to a EU-28 case study. We first explored the potential of common livestock species in the EU (e.g. pigs, laying hens, broilers, dairy cattle and beef cattle) under various productivity levels. Optimal use of LCF required livestock systems that had a high conversion efficiency (laying hens, dairy cattle), were best able to valorise specific LCF (dairy cattle for grass; pigs for food waste) and could valorise low quality LCF due to their low productivity. When, in addition, considering fishcurrently the only natural source of the essential eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) ω-3 fatty acids-while demanding EPA/DHA requirements are met, fish provide nutritious food via both capture fisheries and fish farming. Even if capture fisheries rebuilds stocks and prioritises edible fish for human consumption, it can only fulfil 40% of EPA/DHA requirements. The farmed fatty fish needed to meet these requirements depend on fisheries by-products to meet their EPA/DHA requirements and livestock slaughter by-products to meet their high fat and protein requirements. A circular food system thus requires a combination of co-dependent animal production systems, tailored to the available LCF and the desired nutrient output. As the availability of food leftovers as LCF is currently restricted by legislation and other barriers, we explored the potential of food leftovers currently not used as LCF. Potential to increase animal protein intake was highest for, currently banned, household waste (+12%) and livestock byproducts (+18%) that are allowed in fish feed but currently not used and appear essential to meet human requirements of EPA/DHA ω-3 fatty acids in a circular food system. Improved use and legalisation of inevitable food leftovers can improve the resource use efficiency of both current and future circular food systems. When allowing all LCF in a circular food system, livestock and fish provide an HDP intake up to 39 g per capita per day, less than current animal protein supply but meeting 65% of total protein requirements. A circular food system, thus, requires a reduction in ASF consumption, and a change in the type of ASF we consume, where fish and milk become more prominent. While the used food systems approach illustrates the potential of animal production in a circular food system, it provides little direction to farmers in achieving sustainab...

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Sustainability of Aquaculture Production Systems

Dong¹,

Dong²

2023

Aquaculture Ecology

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Nutrition in Relation to Organic Aquaculture: Sources and Strategies

Cited by 9 publications

References 166 publications

Organic aquaculture productivity, environmental sustainability, and food security: insights from organic agriculture

Organic aquaculture productivity, environmental sustainability, and food security: insights from organic agriculture

Upcycling biomass in a circular food system : The role of livestock and fish

Sustainability of Aquaculture Production Systems

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