Nutrition impact symptoms and the risk of malnutrition in people with Parkinson's disease: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience symptoms that affect their ability to eat. This may contribute to weight loss and increased risk of malnutrition. The present study aimed to quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in the population and a scoring system of NIS was incorporated in the tool used to identify malnutrition. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, members of the Norwegian Parkinson's Association, with any PD diagnosis and stage of illness, were invited to respond to an online 24-item questionnaire. Questions from two validated questionnaires, comprising the abridged Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (aPG-SGA) and the Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's disease (ROMP), were adapted to an online format. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 3047 members, of which 508 persons (17%) responded (61% men). In total, 59% were categorised as well-nourished, 34% at risk of malnutrition and 6.5% as malnourished. One quarter of all participants reported symptoms that affected food intake. The most frequent symptoms were constipation (14.2%) and dry mouth (13.4%). Malnourished participants reported a mean ± SD of 3.4 ± 1.4 symptoms versus 0.1 ± 0.3 per well-nourished participant. Malnourished participants had more swallowing problems than well-nourished participants, with a mean ± SD total ROMP score of 15.5 ± 6.0 versus 9.0 ± 2.9 (p < 0.001). As the number of points in the ROMP score increased by one, the points in the aPG-SGA score increased with 37% (95% confidence interval = 0.309-0.428). Conclusions: Risk of malnutrition was largely related to NIS, especially dysphagia in people with PD. Symptoms affecting food intake should be systematically mapped and treated in conjunction with PD to prevent malnutrition.

Management of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

“…18,19 Regardless, esophageal dysphagia remains an important entity to address both in terms of the nutritional and symptomatic needs of patients, but also to reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia, a common cause of death in PD. 20 Dysphagia is also associated with an increased risk of malnutrition among patients with PD, 21 and accounts for about 50% of referrals for percutaneous gastrostomy tube placements in this population. 22 In addition, dysphagia is associated with higher levels of depression and lower quality of life.…”

Getting the consistency right in thickened liquids using Viscgo Sticks: A validation study

“…[2][3][4][5] It is a serious condition and, if left untreated, can lead to pulmonary aspiration, malnutrition, dehydration, pneumonia and death. 3,4,6 Effective management of dysphagia is crucial for reducing serious health risks and improving patients' quality of life.…”

“…Dysphagia can be caused by a wide range of factors but is usually a symptom of old age or diseases, including mouth or throat cancer, functional disorders, brain tumours, stroke and other neurological conditions 2–5 . It is a serious condition and, if left untreated, can lead to pulmonary aspiration, malnutrition, dehydration, pneumonia and death 3,4,6 . Effective management of dysphagia is crucial for reducing serious health risks and improving patients' quality of life.…”