Nutrition, hydration and ergogenic aids strategies in ultraendurance mountain events

Belinchón-deMiguel, Pedro; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08920-x

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…EXP was faster than NOV by 36 min, which was partially in agreement with previous studies (Till et al, 2016;Gordon et al, 2017). It was previously observed that fast marathon runners had more sport experience and weekly training volume than slow runners (Gordon et al, 2017), which was also in consonance with longer distance and running events as ultra-endurance mountain races (Belinchon-Demiguel and Clemente-Suarez, 2019). On the other hand, a study of the Australian marathons did not find any relationship between marathon race time and years of training; however, this result should be considered with caution since the sample size was relatively small (n = 19) (Till et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Training, Anthropometric, and Physiological Characteristics in Men Recreational Marathon Runners: The Role of Sport Experience

et al. 2021

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The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological and training characteristics in marathon runners with different sport experiences (defined as the number of finishes in marathon races). The anthropometry and physiological characteristics of men recreational endurance runners with three or less finishes in marathon races (novice group, NOV; n = 69, age 43.5 ± 8.0 years) and four or more finishes (experienced group, EXP; n = 66, 45.2 ± 9.4 years) were compared. EXP had faster personal best marathon time (3:44 ± 0:36 vs. 4:20 ± 0:44 h:min, p < 0.001, respectively); lower flexibility (15.9 ± 9.3 vs. 19.3 ± 15.9 cm, p = 0.022), abdominal (20.6 ± 7.9 vs. 23.8 ± 9.0 mm, p = 0.030) and iliac crest skinfold thickness (16.7 ± 6.7 vs. 19.9 ± 7.9 mm, p = 0.013), and body fat assessed by bioimpedance analysis (13.0 ± 4.4 vs. 14.6 ± 4.7%, p = 0.047); more weekly training days (4.6 ± 1.4 vs. 4.1 ± 1.0 days, p = 0.038); and longer weekly running distance (58.8 ± 24.0 vs. 47.2 ± 16.1 km, p = 0.001) than NOV. The findings indicated that long-term marathon training might induce adaptations in endurance performance, body composition, and flexibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Training, Anthropometric, and Physiological Characteristics in Men Recreational Marathon Runners: The Role of Sport Experience

et al. 2021

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“…The lower muscular demands and the possibility of continuous food and hydration supplies, with lower assimilation problems (no vertical movements of centre of gravity) [18] could allow for a better control of pace, showing lower variations. In contrast, running limited the ingestion of both hydration and food supplies (vertical movements of centre of gravity, impact, movements) [19], fact that could modified the energy input necessary to maintain a steady pace during the race. Taking into account research in extreme environments, strenuous activities during various days could negatively affect cortical arousal, decreasing the information processing, hydration perception and rated of perceived exertion of the subjects [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacing and Performance Analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman

Sousa

Nikolaidis²,

Clemente-Suárez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of the present case study was to analyse the performance data of the world’s best female ultra-triathlete setting a new world record in a Quintuple (5xIronman) and Deca Iron (10xIronman) ultra-triathlon, within and between race days, and between disciplines (cycling and running) and races (Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon). The subject was an elite female triathlete (52 kg, 169 cm) born in 1983. At the time of her world record in Quintuple Iron ultra-triathlon she had an age of 35 years and at the time of the world record in Deca Iron ultra-triathlon 36 years old. The distribution of time spent in each discipline and transitions was 8.48% in swimming, 51.67% cycling, 37.91% running, and 1.94% transitions. There was no difference between the race days of the average speed neither in cycling nor running. The running pace had a within-day variation larger than the cycling pace, and also varied more between race days. In conclusion, the world’s best female ultra-triathlete adopted a steady (even) pacing strategy for both cycling and running, without substantial variations within- or between race days, for both the world record in a Quintuple and a Deca Iron ultra-triathlon.

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“…Previous researches found how in longer distance probes, athletes consumed significantly higher number of NSAIDs, being especially dangerous when is combined with a poor hydration strategy. Regarding caffeine intake, has been reported an increase in caffeine consumption in higher distance probe that could be explained since they consume more gels and isotonic drink with caffeine [21]. Regarding nutrition and hydration strategies in ultraendurance events previous researchers reported how higher performance athletes of longer distance presented higher water and nutritional ingestion than the lower ones [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Regarding caffeine intake, has been reported an increase in caffeine consumption in higher distance probe that could be explained since they consume more gels and isotonic drink with caffeine [21]. Regarding nutrition and hydration strategies in ultraendurance events previous researchers reported how higher performance athletes of longer distance presented higher water and nutritional ingestion than the lower ones [21]. Regarding the heart rate (HR) response, during a 21-h ultraendurance event athletes reached the 71% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) [22], and the heart rate variability (HRV) after an Ironman showed the increase in sympathetic modulation [23] and the increase in the rated of perceived exertion (RPE) [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological Stress Response of a Paralympic Athlete During an Ultra-Endurance Event. A Case Study

2019

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Psychophysiological response of athletes with spinal cord injurie has not been reported yet in scientific literature. The aim of this study is to examine the psychophysiological stress response of Paralympic athlete during competitive activities. We collected the following psychophysiological measurements: anxiety-trait, anxiety-state, locus of control, perceived psychological stress, stress-copying style, rate of perceived exertion, perceived muscle pain, body temperature, forced vital capacity, blood oxygen saturation, blood glucose and lactate concentrations, isometric hand strength, cortical arousal, heart rate variability, heart rate and velocities of a female Paralympic spinal cord injured athlete in a 11 h and 44 min ultraendurance mountain event. An ultraendurance mountain even produced an increase in the sympathetic autonomous modulation, heart rate, lactate, muscular pain and rated of perceived exertion and a decrease in cortical arousal, hand strength and respiratory muscle in a spinal cord injurie female athlete during. The Paralympic athletes presented a low psychological inflexibility, high life engagement, strong internal locus of control, a low trait and state anxiety and medium perceived psychological stress. These results are consistent with the expected response during a highly stressful situation and consistent with previous findings in athletes without spinal cord injurie.

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Nutrition, hydration and ergogenic aids strategies in ultraendurance mountain events

Abstract: The final version may contain major or minor changes.Subscription: Information about subscribing to Minerva Medica journals is online at: http://www.minervamedica.it/en/how-to-order-journals.php Reprints and permissions: For information about reprints and permissions send an email to:

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Training, Anthropometric, and Physiological Characteristics in Men Recreational Marathon Runners: The Role of Sport Experience

Training, Anthropometric, and Physiological Characteristics in Men Recreational Marathon Runners: The Role of Sport Experience

Pacing and Performance Analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman

Psychophysiological Stress Response of a Paralympic Athlete During an Ultra-Endurance Event. A Case Study

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