Nutrition, Genetics, and Risks of Cancer

Rock, Cheryl L.; Lampe, Johanna W.; Patterson, Ruth E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.47

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…25 Vitamin E has been found to inhibit tumors and reduce cell proliferation in animal models. 25 In addition, vitamin C, vitamin E and the carotenoids have other chemopreventive actions. 25 Dietary fiber may affect breast cancer risk by decreasing reabsorption in the gut of estrogen excreted in the biliary system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater vegetable and fruit intake is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

Zhang¹,

Ho²,

Chen³

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

172

121

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The effect of vegetable and fruit consumption on breast cancer risk is controversial. We examined the association between vegetable and fruit intake and breast cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Guangdong, China. Four hundred and thirty-eight cases were frequency matched to 438 controls by age (5-year interval) and residence (rural/urban). Dietary intake was assessed by face-to-face interviews using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusting for various potential confounders. Total vegetable and fruit intake was found to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. The ORs of the highest quartile relative to the lowest quartile of total vegetable and fruit intake were 0.28 (95% CI 0.18-0.43) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.34-0.82), respectively. Consumption of individual vegetable and fruit groups such as dark green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, carrots and tomatoes, banana, watermelon/papaya/cantaloupe were all inversely and significantly related with breast cancer risk. An inverse association was also observed for vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and fiber intake. These data indicate that greater intake of vegetables and fruits is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer among Chinese women residing in Guangdong. ' UICCKey words: vegetable; fruit; case-control study; breast cancer risk; China Vegetables and fruits may play a protective role against the development of cancer, including breast cancer. There are many biologically plausible reasons for this, including the presence in vegetables and fruits the potentially anticarcinogenic substances such as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, dithiolthiones, isoflavones, and isothiocyanates.The findings of epidemiological studies of the association between vegetable and fruit intake and breast cancer risk are inconclusive. Some studies have found the protective effects of total vegetable 1-5 or total fruit intake 1,3-6 against breast cancer, whereas others have not found evidence of their protective role. 7-14A few studies have reported that specific types of vegetables 3,10,11,14-18 or fruits 11,14 are associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk. However, most of these studies have been performed in Western countries.Chinese populations generally have a diet rich in vegetables and fruits, but low in animal protein.19 Elucidation of the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and breast cancer would therefore be valuable. To date, only two studies have examined the relationship between vegetable and fruit intake and breast cancer risk in China.5,11 Both were conducted in Shanghai, which is located in the Eastern part of China. Being a vast country, lifestyle, food availability and dietary habits vary substantially across the different geographic regions of China. For example, the consumption of dark green leafy vegetables is much higher in the South than in other regions. 2...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater vegetable and fruit intake is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

Zhang¹,

Ho²,

Chen³

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

172

121

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“…Factors associated with an elevated hormone milieu are more consistently associated with ER+ than ER-tumors, which suggest ER+ tumors may be estrogen-driven [8]. It is plausible then that the oxidative properties of estrogen metabolites in ER+ tumors may be quenched by the high levels of antioxidants known to be contained in fruits and vegetables [18,19]. However, fruit intake may also be a marker for other anti-carcinogenic components of fruits and vegetables [20], which may benefit both ER subtypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of fruits, and vegetables in relation to breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status

Lissowska

Gaudet

Brinton

et al. 2007

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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The inconsistent associations between fruit and vegetable intake and breast cancer risk may be due to heterogeneity of associations by estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of the tumors. We evaluated this hypothesis in a large (2,386 cases and 2,503 controls) population-based case-control study in Poland, conducted between 2000 and 2003. We observed significant associations between reduced overall risk of breast cancer and increasing levels of total fruit intake (odds ratio (OR) for highest versus lowest quartile = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.63-0.91; p-trend = 0.01), but not for total vegetable intake (1.13 (0.93-1.37), p-trend = 0.25), after controlling for age, energy intake and known risk factors for breast cancer. The inverse association with total fruit intake was stronger for risk of ER+ (0.69 (0.54-0.88), p-trend = 0.01) than ER- tumors (0.89 (0.67-1.19), p-trend = 0.57) (p-heterogeneity = 0.02). In conclusion, this study suggests that fruit intake might have differential associations for breast tumor subtypes defined by ER status.

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“…Many recent studies have indicated that sporadic tumours probably arise due to a complex relationship between environmental exposures to carcinogens in individuals with low-penetrance genetic polymorphisms. These polymorphisms may exist in genes involved in carcinogen metabolism, influencing the amount of damaging metabolic intermediates produced from dietary constituents and other environmental agents [191][192][193], or may represent polymorphisms in components of the response pathways to damage, such as repair enzymes [189,194,195]. In isolation, these polymorphisms have little impact on tumour susceptibility, but are important risk factors through their relatively high incidence and the synergistic effects of combinations of variants, exemplified by family studies of sporadic breast cancer not due to BRCA1/2, which showed that the 20% of individuals at highest risk have a 40-fold higher likelihood of cancer than the 20% lowest-risk population [196].…”

Section: Genetic Factors Influencing Genotoxic Responses and Tumourigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell and tissue responses to genotoxic stress

Coates

Lorimore

Wright

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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Cancers arise as a consequence of the accumulation of multiple genetic mutations in a susceptible cell, resulting in perturbation of regulatory networks that control proliferation, survival, and cellular function. Here, the sources of cellular stress that can cause oncogenic mutations and the responses of cells to DNA damage are reviewed. The role of different repair pathways and the potential for cell-and tissue-specific reliance on individual repair mechanisms are discussed. Evidence for cell-and tissue-specific activation of p53-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis after exposure to an individual genotoxin is assessed and some of the potential mediators of these different responses are provided. These cell-and tissuespecific responses to particular forms of DNA damage are likely to be key determinants of tissue-specific tumour susceptibility, and there is good evidence for genetic variations in these responses. The role that genotoxic agents play in altering the microenvironment to produce indirect effects on tumourigenesis through altered production of free radicals and cytokines that are characteristic of inflammatory-type processes is also evaluated. Changes to the microenvironment as direct or indirect effects of genotoxic stress can be involved in both tumour initiation and progression and may even be a prerequisite for tumourigenesis. Therefore, tumour susceptibility after endogenous or exogenous genotoxic stress represents a balance between cell-intrinsic responses of target cells and changes to the microenvironment. A fuller understanding of cell-and tissue-specific responses, alterations to the microenvironment, and genetic modifiers of these responses could lead to novel prevention and therapeutic strategies for common forms of human malignancy.

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Nutrition, Genetics, and Risks of Cancer

Cited by 62 publications

References 71 publications

Greater vegetable and fruit intake is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

Greater vegetable and fruit intake is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

Intake of fruits, and vegetables in relation to breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status

Cell and tissue responses to genotoxic stress

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