Nutrition, atherosclerosis, arterial imaging, cardiovascular risk stratification, and manifestations in COVID-19 framework: a narrative review

doi:10.52586/5026

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 232 publications

(300 reference statements)

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“…It is suggested that vasculitis and thrombosis of the aortic vasa vasorum may represent key factors linking severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection with transformation of a stable plaque into an unstable lesion with thromboembolic consequences [63]. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on large vessels such as the aorta is more complex than has been previously considered.…”

Section: Microvascular Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct cytopathic effect of the virus on endothelial cells [69] Protease activation, causing a transition from a stable to a pathological atherosclerotic injury and the degradation of the plaque protective fibrous cap. [9,42] Leucocyte recruitment and adhesion to the vascular wall [12] Expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, IL-1β) in the vascular wall resulted from the activation of MyD88-dependent pathways [1,34] VEGLX damage [36] Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to the increased production of reactive oxygen species [33] Endothelial damage caused by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) [53] Endothelial damage caused by the components of the activated complement system [52] Vasa vasorum vasculitis and/or thrombosis [63] Interestingly, pharmacological agents commonly used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, such as statins and acetylsalicylic acid, seem to reduce both the incidence of serious complications of COVID-19 and the death rate from this infection. The possible effects of chronic therapy with acetylsalicylic acid have not been fully studied.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

Makarova¹,

Ryabkova²,

Салухов³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The article describes how atherosclerosis and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may affect each other. The features of this comorbid pathogenesis at various levels (vascular, cellular and molecular) are considered. A bidirectional influence of these conditions is described: the presence of cardiovascular diseases affects different individual susceptibility to viral infection. In turn, SARS-CoV-2 can have a negative effect on the endothelium and cardiomyocytes, causing blood clotting, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus exacerbating the development of atherosclerosis. In addition to the established entry into cells via ACE2 принимая во внимание его влияние на, other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry are currently under investigation, for example, through CD147. Pathogenesis of comorbidity can be determined by the influence of the virus on various links which are meaningful for atherogenesis: generation of oxidized forms of LDL, launch of a cytokine storm, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx, and mitochondrial injury. The transformation of a stable plaque into an unstable one plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis complications and can be triggered by COVID-19. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on large vessels such as aorta is more complex than previously thought considering its impact on vasa vasorum. Current information on the mutual influence of the medicines used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and acute COVID-19 is briefly summarized

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Section: Microvascular Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

Makarova¹,

Ryabkova²,

Салухов³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…[ 13 , 14 ] Additionally, COVID-19 symptoms promote malnutrition, and its presence is associated with higher mortality and longer hospital stays. [ 15 – 17 ] The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is an effective indicator that reflects COVID-19 severity and mortality. [ 18 ] Therefore, this study will be the first to construct a combination of nutritional and kidney function indicators to determine whether they can better predict disease progression than individual predictors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index and renal function indicators for mortality prediction in severe COVID-19 elderly patients: A retrospective study

Cao,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Identifying prognostic factors in elderly patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial for clinical management. Recent evidence suggests malnutrition and renal dysfunction are associated with poor outcome. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model incorporating prognostic nutritional index (PNI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and other parameters to predict mortality risk. This retrospective analysis included 155 elderly patients with severe COVID-19. Clinical data and outcomes were collected. Logistic regression analyzed independent mortality predictors. A joint predictor “L” incorporating PNI, eGFR, D-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was developed and internally validated using bootstrapping. Decreased PNI (OR = 1.103, 95% CI: 0.78–1.169), decreased eGFR (OR = 0.964, 95% CI: 0.937–0.992), elevated D-dimer (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000–1.004), and LDH (OR = 1.005, 95% CI: 1.001–1.008) were independent mortality risk factors (all P < .05). The joint predictor “L” showed good discrimination (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.863) and calibration. The bootstrapped area under the curve was 0.858, confirming model stability. A combination of PNI, eGFR, D-dimer, and LDH provides useful prognostic information to identify elderly patients with severe COVID-19 at highest mortality risk for early intervention. Further external validation is warranted.

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“…In addition to GSM, the presence of carotid plaque is associated with the incidence of CVD events [ 29 , 30 ] and is further an established ultrasound surrogate of CVD [ 31 , 32 ]. Nutritional aspects are known to play a relevant role in the development of atherosclerosis and in the formation of plaques [ 33 ]. Hence, it is of great interest how both can be influenced through diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional Association of Dietary Patterns and Supplement Intake with Presence and Gray-Scale Median of Carotid Plaques—A Comparison between Women and Men in the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study

et al. 2023

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This population-based cross-sectional cohort study investigated the association of the Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet as well as supplement intake with gray-scale median (GSM) and the presence of carotid plaques comparing women and men. Low GSM is associated with plaque vulnerability. Ten thousand participants of the Hamburg City Health Study aged 45–74 underwent carotid ultrasound examination. We analyzed plaque presence in all participants plus GSM in those having plaques (n = 2163). Dietary patterns and supplement intake were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between dietary patterns, supplement intake and GSM plus plaque presence. Linear regressions showed an association between higher GSM and folate intake only in men (+9.12, 95% CI (1.37, 16.86), p = 0.021). High compared to intermediate adherence to the DASH diet was associated with higher odds for carotid plaques (OR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.02, 1.36), p = 0.027, adjusted). Odds for plaque presence were higher for men, older age, low education, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking. In this study, the intake of most supplements, as well as DASH or Mediterranean diet, was not significantly associated with GSM for women or men. Future research is needed to clarify the influence, especially of the folate intake and DASH diet, on the presence and vulnerability of plaques.

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Nutrition, atherosclerosis, arterial imaging, cardiovascular risk stratification, and manifestations in COVID-19 framework: a narrative review

Cited by 15 publications

References 232 publications

Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

The prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index and renal function indicators for mortality prediction in severe COVID-19 elderly patients: A retrospective study

Cross-Sectional Association of Dietary Patterns and Supplement Intake with Presence and Gray-Scale Median of Carotid Plaques—A Comparison between Women and Men in the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study

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