Nutrition and the immune system from birth to old age

Rk, Chandra

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601492

Cited by 322 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The higher effect sizes in the stratified analysis of helminth-positives than those in the total group indicate that the enhancement of proinflammatory cytokine responses is unlikely to be due to albendazole directly affecting the immune system. Immune hyporesponsiveness could stem from alteration in cell counts and changes in nutrients essential to functioning of the immune system (27). Although cell counts were affected by treatment, cell numbers did not account for cytokine responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community deworming alleviates geohelminth-induced immune hyporesponsiveness

Wammes

Hamid

Wiria

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In cross-sectional studies, chronic helminth infections have been associated with immunological hyporesponsiveness that can affect responses to unrelated antigens. To study the immunological effects of deworming, we conducted a cluster-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Indonesia and assigned 954 households to receive albendazole or placebo once every 3 mo for 2 y. Helminthspecific and nonspecific whole-blood cytokine responses were assessed in 1,059 subjects of all ages, whereas phenotyping of regulatory molecules was undertaken in 121 school-aged children. All measurements were performed before and at 9 and 21 mo after initiation of treatment. Anthelmintic treatment resulted in significant increases in proinflammatory cytokine responses to Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (PfRBCs) and mitogen, with the largest effect on TNF responses to PfRBCs at 9 moestimate [95% confidence interval], 0.37 [0.21-0.53], P value over time (P time ) < 0.0001. Although the frequency of regulatory T cells did not change after treatment, there was a significant decline in the expression of the inhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on CD4 + T cells of albendazoletreated individuals, -0.060 [-0.107 to -0.013] and -0.057 [-0.105 to -0.008] at 9 and 21 mo, respectively; P time = 0.017. This trial shows the capacity of helminths to up-regulate inhibitory molecules and to suppress proinflammatory immune responses in humans. This could help to explain the inferior immunological responses to vaccines and lower prevalence of inflammatory diseases in low-compared with high-income countries.helminths | albendazole | cytokine responses | Indonesia | deworming S oil-transmitted helminths (STHs) represent the most common infectious disease worldwide (1). In addition to specific worm-associated morbidities, it has been argued that chronic STH infections may magnify health-related burdens in communities remote from health care facilities, exacerbating anemia, poor nutritional status, and possibly poor cognitive development (1). However, this was not fully supported by the latest analysis of the Cochrane database (2).Immunologically, cellular immune hyporesponsiveness is a hallmark of chronic helminth infections that may allow parasites' longterm survival (3). The consequences of immunosuppression are manifold with potentially major public health relevance. Immune hyporesponsiveness could curtail effective immune responses, thereby increasing susceptibility to pathogens, and helminths are associated with suboptimal vaccine responses (4-6). The helminthrelated dampened immune responses might nevertheless help to prevent immunopathology during coinfections and, possibly, aberrant reactivity to environmental or self-antigens (7). With respect to the latter, there is currently much interest in the use of helminth infections to treat allergies and autoimmune diseases, exploiting their ability to induce immune hyporesponsiveness (8).Suppressed lymphocyte responses were described in the 19...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community deworming alleviates geohelminth-induced immune hyporesponsiveness

Wammes

Hamid

Wiria

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A similar effect was observed in the case of liver and heart; however, the differences were much less pronounced (Table 1). Lymphoid tissues are acutely sensitive to undernutrition, and severe malnutrition may lead to "nutritional thymectomy" and depletions of lymphoid cells in the spleen and lymph nodes (CHANDRA 2002). Such processes must affect the peripheral immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immune response is likely to be costly, such that only individuals in good condition are capable of bearing this cost (VON SCHANTZ et al 1999). Poor nutrition has been shown to have evident effects upon immunity and resistance to disease (CHANDRA 2002). Malnutrition induces the reduction of inflammatory responses, including decreases of pro-inflammatory (ANSTEAD et al 2003) and increases of antiinflammatory cytokines (HILLYER et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Quality Affects Allergic Peritonitis in Mice

Chadzińska¹,

Broniek²,

Radwan³

2011

folia biol (krakow)

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+HADZINSKA M., BRONIEK B., RADWAN J. 2011. Diet quality affects allergic peritonitis in mice. Folia biologica (Kraków) #': 7-11.Reasons for the increased prevalence of allergies observed in recent decades remain elusive.Here, we used a murine model to investigate the effect of nutrition on ovalbumin-induced allergic peritonitis. Compared to the organs of mice kept on a standard diet, mice exposed to a low quality diet during the growth period showed a decrease in the mass of metabolic (liver and heart) and, to a much larger extent, in lymphatic (thymus and spleen) organs, but not in testes or intestine mass. Moreover, diet manipulation affected the number of polymorphonuclear granulocytes as well as mast cell number and /or their responsiveness. During allergic peritonitis, mast cells from animals kept on the standard diet reacted to an allergen with degranulation, while the reaction in mice kept on the low quality diet was significantly weaker. However, the immunomodulators of this process remain unidentified as diet quality affected neither anti-ovalbumin IgE level nor synthesis/release of anti-inflammatory IL-10.Further work is needed to identify underlying immunomodulators.

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“…Lacking adequate nutrition, the immune system is undoubtedly deprived of the components needed to generate an effective immune response (104) . Vitamins (A, b-carotene, folic acid, B6, B12, C, E and riboflavin) and minerals (Fe, Zn and Se) play a pivotal role in maintaining the antioxidant/oxidant balance in immune cells and in protecting them from oxidative stress and preserving their adequate function (104)(105)(106)(107) . …”

Section: Nutritional Countermeasures Of Immunodepressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, immunity and infection

et al. 2010

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During the last few decades, scientific evidence has confirmed a wide range of health benefits related to regular physical activity. How physical activity affects the immune function and infection risk is, however, still under debate. Commonly, intensive exercise suppresses the activity and levels of several immune cells, while other immune functions may be stimulated by moderate physical activity. With this knowledge, the understanding of the relationship between different levels of physical activity on the immune function has been raised as a potential tool to protect health not only in athletes but also in the general population; the mechanisms that translate a physically active lifestyle into good health continue to be investigated. Reviewing the literature, although several outcomes (i.e. the mechanisms by which different levels and duration of physical activity programmes affect numerous cell types and responses) remain unclear, given that the additional benefits encompass healthy habits including exercise, the use of physical activity programmes may result in improved health of elderly populations. Moderate physical activity or moderate–regulated training may enhance the immune function mainly in less fit subjects or sedentary population and the pre-event fitness status also seems to be an important individual factor regarding this relationship. Although adequate nutrition and regular physical activity habits may synergistically improve health, clinical trials in athletes using nutritional supplements to counteract the immune suppression have been inconclusive so far.Further research is necessary to find out to what extent physical activity training can exert an effect on the immune function.

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Nutrition and the immune system from birth to old age

Cited by 322 publications

References 15 publications

Community deworming alleviates geohelminth-induced immune hyporesponsiveness

Community deworming alleviates geohelminth-induced immune hyporesponsiveness

Diet Quality Affects Allergic Peritonitis in Mice

Physical activity, immunity and infection

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