Nutrition and Reproduction in Dairy Cows

Ferguson, James D.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30791-x

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Furthermore, there is evidence that high milk yield per se has little effect on fertility, i.e. that other factors are important (Ferguson, 1991; Mihm and Roche, 1997). In the first weeks of lactation causal relationships have primarily been found between fertility traits with rapidity of development, duration and magnitude of negative energy balances and associated metabolic and endocrine changes (Butler and Smith, 1989; Ferguson, 1991; Reist et al., 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that other factors are important (Ferguson, 1991; Mihm and Roche, 1997). In the first weeks of lactation causal relationships have primarily been found between fertility traits with rapidity of development, duration and magnitude of negative energy balances and associated metabolic and endocrine changes (Butler and Smith, 1989; Ferguson, 1991; Reist et al., 2000). Additional nutritional factors have great impacts on fertility (Butler and Smith, 1989; Dunn and Moss, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subclinical and clinical metabolic disorders often occur and ketosis, in particular, causes decreased milk yield, even if not clinically apparent (Andersson, 1988). With increasing milk yield and associated negative energy balances, fertility problems become more frequent (Butler and Smith, 1989;Villa-Godoy et al, 1990;Ferguson, 1991;Schopper et al, 1993), as also shown for Swiss dairy cows (Sta Èrk et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Milk Yield and Composition, Nutrition, Body Conformation Traits, Body Condition Scores, Fertility and Diseases in High‐Yielding Dairy Cows – Part 1

Aeberhard

Bruckmaier

Kuepfer

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Twenty-nine pairs of high-yielding dairy cows (HC; > or = 45 kg/day reached at least once during lactation) and corresponding control cows (CC; with milk yields representing the average yield of the herds) were examined on 29 Swiss farms from March 1995 to September 1996. The hypotheses were tested that there are differences in feed intake, body-conformation traits, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), fertility status and disease incidence between HC and CC cows. Cows were studied 2 weeks before and at 5, 9, 13, 17 and 40 weeks post-partum. HC cows produced more energy-corrected milk (ECM) than CC cows (10,670 +/- 321 kg in 293 +/- 5 days and 8385 +/- 283 kg in 294 +/- 4 days, respectively; P < or = 0.001) and yields in the first 100 days of lactation were greater in HC than in CC cows (46.2 +/- 1.1 and 36.2 +/- 1.0 kg ECM/day, respectively; P < or = 0.001). Concentrate intake was greater (P < or = 0.05) in HC than in CC cows (7.6 +/- 0.5 and 5.7 +/- 0.5 kg/day, respectively) and dry matter intakes (measured in week 5 of lactation over 3 days on six farms) were greater in HC than in CC cows (24.0 +/- 1.1 and 20.3 +/- 1.1 kg/day, respectively; P < or = 0.001). HC cows were taller than CC cows (wither heights 143.3 +/- 0.8 and 140.1 +/- 0.8 cm, respectively; P < or = 0.01). Although BW in HC cows was greater than in CC cows throughout the study, differences and decreases of BW during lactation were not significant. BCS at the end of pregnancy and decrements during lactation were similar in HC and CC cows. Fertility parameters were similar in HC and CC cows. Incidences of mastitis, claw and feet problems, hypocalcemia/downer cow syndrome, ovarian cysts and abortions were similar in HC and CC cows, but there were more indigestion problems in HC than in CC cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Milk Yield and Composition, Nutrition, Body Conformation Traits, Body Condition Scores, Fertility and Diseases in High‐Yielding Dairy Cows – Part 1

Aeberhard

Bruckmaier

Kuepfer

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…De certa forma, a avaliação do ECC no pós-parto pode ser útil como estratégia para se evitar que as vacas venham a parir muito gordas ou muito magras (FERGUSON, 1991).…”

Section: Rev Bras Zootec 30(5):1544-1549 2001unclassified

Efeito da condição corporal ao parto sobre alguns parâmetros do metabolismo energético, produção de leite e incidência de doenças no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras

et al. 2001

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RESUMO -Cento e dezoito vacas da raça Holandesa foram utilizadas para se avaliar o efeito da condição corporal ao parto sobre a produção e teor de gordura no leite, níveis plasmáticos de beta-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), glicose e aspartato-aminotransferase (AST) e incidência de doenças no início da lactação. De acordo com seu escore de condição corporal (ECC) ao parto, em uma escala de 1 (magra), a 5 (gorda), as vacas foram divididas em dois grupos: I) constituído por vacas com ECC ≥ 4,0); II) vacas com ECC ≤ 3,5. Os grupos foram diferentes entre si e apresentaram ECC médio de 4,2 e 3,2 para os grupos I e II, respectivamente. O ECC ao parto não afetou a produção de leite, gordura do leite, glicose e AST plasmáticas e a incidência de doenças no período pós-parto. Entretanto, o BHBA foi mais alto (P<0,0084) e a perda de peso foi mais intensa (P<0,01) no grupo I. Quando analisada cada semana separadamente, o BHBA do grupo I foi maior durante as semanas 1 (P<0,009), 2 (P<0) e 3 (P<0,004) pós-parto, sendo que o pico ocorreu na primeira e segunda semana para ambos os grupos. O grupo I também apresentou teores de glicose significativamente menores durante a primeira e segunda semanas (P<0 e P<0,008, respectivamente) e numericamente mais baixos nas demais semanas, demonstrando um balanço energético negativo mais intenso neste período. Palavras-chave: condição corporal, vacas leiteiras Effect of Body Condition Score at Calving on Energy Metabolism, Milk Yield and Disease Occurence in Postpartum of Dairy CowsABSTRACT -One hundred and eighteen Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effects of body condition score at parturition on milk production and fat content, blood beta-hydroxybutirate (BHBA), glucose and aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) and disease occurence in early lactation. According to their body condition score (BCS) at calving, 1 (thin) at 5 (fat), the cows were alloted in two groups: I) composed by BCS ≥ 4,0; and II) composed by BCS ≤ 3,5. The BCS were 4.2 and 3.2 for the group I and II, respectively. The BCS at calving did not affect milk production, milk fat, plasma glucose and AST and disease occurence in early lactation. However, the group I had higher (P<0.0084) BHBA and lost more (P=0.01) weight. When the analysis was performed weekly the BHBA for the group I was higher until three weeks post-partum, showing a peak at first and second week for both groups. The group I also had lower levels of plasma glucose in the first and second weeks, showing a intense negative energy balance in this period.Key Words: body condition score, dairy cows 1 Universidade Federal de Viçosa -Departamento de Veterinária -CEP 36571-000 Viçosa -MG. E.mail: eplago@mail.ufv.br 2 Departamento de Produção Animal -Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz -ESALQ -USP -Piracicaba -SP. 3 Departamento de Veterinária -Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais -UFMG -Belo Horizonte -MG. Rev. bras. zootec., 30(5):1544-1549, 2001Introdução Nos últimos anos tem sido estudada a relação do escore de condição corporal (ECC) ao parto com o desempe...

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“…Thus, they become more susceptible to metabolic stress and consequently to metabolic and/ or infectious diseases, as well as to reproductive problems Knight et al, 1999;Ward and Parker, 1999). This therefore suggests a higher risk for cows with an unsatisfactory supply of nutrients and a reduced efficiency of reproductive apparatus and the immune system (Ferguson, 1991;Schukken et al, 1999). This can explain the higher frequency of infectious problems regarding the reproductive apparatus , as well as other diseases, infectious or metabolic issues with more or less dramatic consequences, such as liver triglyceride accumulation, impaired fertility and increased culling (Bertoni et al, 2004).…”

Section: High Milk Yield and Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Main causes of poor welfare in intensively reared dairy cows

Abeni¹,

Bertoni²

2009

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of this review is to summarise the main causes of poor welfare in intensively reared dairy cows. Intensive farming systems are considered, both from a structural and a managerial point of view, for their constraints that may limit animal welfare: possible physical activity; acceptable interactions with humans and other animals; feeding and watering, protection from climate, parasites, and diseases. The dairy farms managed according to the organic rules do not always guarantee, per se, better welfare conditions; organic or low input dairy farming needs to consider the right interaction among cattle breed and herd management, focusing on the actual quality of feedstuffs meet face cow requirements. The considered structural aspects evidence how special care must be given to the rest area (straw yard or cubicle); to the floors that should be not too hard or abrasive and not slippery; to the cubicle bedding material to ensure hygiene, softness, and dryness; to the feeding (and watering) area to reduce conflicts; to a microclimate control system, to avoid heat stress during summer time. The importance of proper management for animal welfare is evidenced for buildings and equipment, to have clean and comfortable stables and well functioning milking machines; nutritive and storage quality of feeds; diet suitability (energy, protein, physically efficient fibre, buffers etc.), in the different phases of a dairy cow’s life (dry period, close-up, transition, and lactation); feed distribution (frequency and time), and 24h availability. Special attention has to be paid to the social aspects, regarding both animal competition (stocking density, group size), and human/animal interactions (methods of management and manipulation). The interaction between welfare and health requires special attention. Poor welfare can cause immune depression, thus increasing the risk of disease. In turn, any disease that causes an inflammatory response may determine depression, anorexia, an increase in temperature, and metabolic pathways deviation, with a worsening of the overall sense of well-being

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Nutrition and Reproduction in Dairy Cows

Cited by 45 publications

References 150 publications

Milk Yield and Composition, Nutrition, Body Conformation Traits, Body Condition Scores, Fertility and Diseases in High‐Yielding Dairy Cows – Part 1

Milk Yield and Composition, Nutrition, Body Conformation Traits, Body Condition Scores, Fertility and Diseases in High‐Yielding Dairy Cows – Part 1

Efeito da condição corporal ao parto sobre alguns parâmetros do metabolismo energético, produção de leite e incidência de doenças no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras

Main causes of poor welfare in intensively reared dairy cows

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