Nutrition and physical activity programs for obesity treatment (PRONAF study): methodological approach of the project

Abstract

BackgroundAt present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study.Methods/designOne-hundred nineteen overweight (46 males) and 120 obese (61 males) subjects aged 18–50 years were randomly assigned to a strength training group, an endurance training group, a combined strength + endurance training group or a diet and physical activity recommendations group. The intervention period was 22 weeks (in all cases 3 times/wk of training for 22 weeks and 2 weeks for pre and post evaluation). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry). 29–34% of the total energy intake came from fat, 14–20% from protein, and 50–55% from carbohydrates. The mayor outcome variables assesed were, biochemical and inflamatory markers, body composition, energy balance, physical fitness, nutritional habits, genetic profile and quality of life. 180 (75.3%) subjects finished the study, with a dropout rate of 24.7%. Dropout reasons included: personal reasons 17 (28.8%), low adherence to exercise 3 (5.1%), low adherence to diet 6 (10.2%), job change 6 (10.2%), and lost interest 27 (45.8%).DiscussionFeasibility of the study has been proven, with a low dropout rate which corresponds to the estimated sample size. Transfer of knowledge is foreseen as a spin-off, in order that overweight and obese subjects can benefit from the results. The aim is to transfer it to sports centres. Effectiveness on individual health-related parameter in order to determine the most effective training programme will be analysed in forthcoming publications.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856

Abstracts of the International Congress of Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development (2016)

“…Therefore, our objective was to examine compensatory changes in sedentary behavior (SB) and light-intensity physical activities (LIPA) in response to a 6-month exercise training program in overweight/obese adults. Eighty-nine overweight and obese individuals (48% males), aged 18-50 years, were randomized into four intervention groups (strength, endurance, combined strength + endurance, and physical activity recommendations) with a 25-30 % caloric restriction diet for six months (Zapico et al, 2012). Energy expenditure was measured by accelerometry before, during and after the program.…”

Evolution of padel in Spain according to practitioners’ gender and age

“…Entre las principales razones de este crecimiento masivo de practicantes de pádel se podrían destacar (i) su carácter lúdico y social al practicarlo 4 jugadores, (ii) su facilidad de aprendizaje téc-nico debido a la proximidad del punto de impacto a la mano, (iii) la mayor duración de los puntos que permite un alto disfrute de los participantes, (iv) la fácil accesibilidad a todos los sectores de la población por su bajo coste económico y (v) la cercanía del lugar de residencia de instalaciones para su práctica (Casper, C C D c i e n c i a Gray, & Stellino, 2007;Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes, 2015;Muñoz et al, 2016;Sanderson, 2002). Además, revisiones bibliográficas revelan mayores beneficios sobre la salud y efectos fisiológicos positivos en programas de actividad física colectivos o de carácter social en comparación con las individuales, generando además una mayor adherencia a la práctica (Burke, Carron, Eys, Ntoumanis, & Estabrooks, 2006;Carron, Haysenblas, & Mack, 1996;Kahn et al, 2002;Zapico et al, 2012). Del mismo modo, realizar actividad física al aire libre parece resultar especialmente atractivo en adultos (Lacharité-Lemiex, Brunelle, & Dionne, 2015; Garmendia et al, 2013).…”

Effects of age, sex, and treatment on weight-loss dynamics in overweight people

“…A recent paper published by Zapico et al (2012) provides a detailed description of the type of methodology used in this work. Therefore, in this section, we describe this initial methodology as it was adapted for this study.…”