Nutrition and immunity: lessons for COVID-19

Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1038/s41430-021-00949-8

Cited by 63 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Nutrition is one of multiple factors that determine the immune response [21]. Poor nutritional status and pre-existing noncommunicable diseases (obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, and chronic lung diseases, among others) compromise the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Diet Quality, Eating Behaviour, and Lifestyle Changes in a Mexican Population with Internet Access during Confinement for the COVID-19 Pandemic: ESCAN-COVID19Mx Survey

et al. 2021

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Perceived changes in diet quality, emotional eating, physical activity, and lifestyle were evaluated in a group of Mexican adults before and during COVID-19 confinement. In this study, 8289 adults answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported weight and height, diet quality, emotional eating, physical activity, and lifestyle changes were collected. Before and after confinement, differences by sociodemographic characteristics were assessed with Wilcoxon, Anova, and linear regression analyses. Most participants were women (80%) between 18 and 38 years old (70%), with a low degree of marginalisation (82.8%) and a high educational level (84.2%); 53.1% had a normal weight and 31.4% were overweight. Half (46.8%) of the participants perceived a change in the quality of their diet. The Diet Quality Index (DQI) was higher during confinement (it improved by 3 points) in all groups, regardless of education level, marginalisation level, or place of residence (p < 0.001). Lifestyle changes were present among some of the participants, 6.1% stopped smoking, 12.1% stopped consuming alcohol, 53.3% sleep later, 9% became more sedentary, and increased their screen (43%) as well as sitting and lying down time (81.6%). Mexicans with Internet access staying at home during COVID-19 confinement perceived positive changes in the quality of their diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption, but negative changes in the level of physical activity and sleep quality. These results emphasise the relevance of encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviours during and after times of crisis to prevent the risk of complications due to infectious and chronic diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Diet Quality, Eating Behaviour, and Lifestyle Changes in a Mexican Population with Internet Access during Confinement for the COVID-19 Pandemic: ESCAN-COVID19Mx Survey

et al. 2021

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“…Eating is an integral part of daily life. A balanced diet may enhance immunity, prevent excessive inflammation and weight gain and promote healthy gut microbiocidal composition to battle against infections [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Food shopping, preparation and consumption are important dietary behaviors that play critical roles in the physical and psychological wellbeing of individuals; some of those behaviors may also induce long-term consequences in the food industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and Nutrition Related Concerns Post Lockdown during COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with Dietary Behaviors

Zhao

et al. 2021

Foods

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This study aimed to explore food and nutrition related concerns during the post-lockdown period and their impacts on food shopping, preparation, and eating behaviors. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted through online questionnaire. We collected data on food and nutrition related concerns, socio-demographic characteristics, and changes in dietary behaviors. Participants: A total of 2267 responses were received from people living in 31 provinces across mainland China and 1994 participants were included in the final analysis. Analysis: Linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association among food and nutrition related concerns, socio-demographic factors, and dietary behaviors Results: About 56% of participants reported moderate to high levels of concerns related to food and nutrition. Contracting the virus when dining out or through contaminated foods were the top two concerns, followed by overnutrition. Higher levels of concerns were found among people who were older, overweight, or obese, having lower income and education, and living in urban areas, or whose family contained vulnerable individuals. Compared with the pre-COVID-19 period, people who were more concerned about food and nutrition were more likely to report changes in their food purchases and consumption; they were also more likely to eat from individual plates, using serving chopsticks, and separating plates and utensils for raw and cooked foods during the post COVID-19 lockdown period. Conclusion and Implication: Food and nutrition related concerns during the post-lockdown period were prevalent and associated with changes in dietary behaviors. Preventative policies and nutritional guidance should be developed to address these concerns in order to reduce inappropriate dietary behaviors amid public health crises.

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“…Dietary aspects can also have a huge impact on vaccination. Micronutrients such as zinc, copper, iron, and vitamins A, C, and D support immune responses [212]. Therefore, the WHO recommends combining the measles vaccination with a vitamin A supplementation in high-risk areas [213,214].…”

Section: Vaccination Strategies To Promote Tfh Cell Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell/B Cell Interactions in the Establishment of Protective Immunity

Ritzau-Jost

Hutloff

2021

Vaccines

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Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are the T cell subset providing help to B cells for the generation of high-affinity antibodies and are therefore of key interest for the development of vaccination strategies against infectious diseases. In this review, we will discuss how the generation of Tfh cells and their interaction with B cells in secondary lymphoid organs can be optimized for therapeutic purposes. We will summarize different T cell subsets including Tfh-like peripheral helper T cells (Tph) capable of providing B cell help. In particular, we will highlight the novel concept of T cell/B cell interaction in non-lymphoid tissues as an important element for the generation of protective antibodies directly at the site of pathogen invasion.

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Nutrition and immunity: lessons for COVID-19

Cited by 63 publications

References 57 publications

Perceived Diet Quality, Eating Behaviour, and Lifestyle Changes in a Mexican Population with Internet Access during Confinement for the COVID-19 Pandemic: ESCAN-COVID19Mx Survey

Perceived Diet Quality, Eating Behaviour, and Lifestyle Changes in a Mexican Population with Internet Access during Confinement for the COVID-19 Pandemic: ESCAN-COVID19Mx Survey

Food and Nutrition Related Concerns Post Lockdown during COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with Dietary Behaviors

T Cell/B Cell Interactions in the Establishment of Protective Immunity

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