Nutrition and feeding of dairy cattle

Erickson, Peter S.; Kalscheur, K. F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817052-6.00009-4

Cited by 93 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…vulgaris, indicating that the microalgae may be a promising protein source for high-performing ruminants. For high-producing cows, microbial protein may be insufficient to supply the protein need of the animals; hence, it has been advocated that the dietary crude protein of such cows should contain a significant proportion of RUP (Erickson and Kalscheur, 2019). Han and McCormick (2014) reported lower degradability of microalgae carbohydrates than those of soybean meal.…”

Section: Ruminal Microflora and Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in Ruminant Nutrition: a Review of the Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value

Kholif

Olafadehan

2021

Annals of Animal Science

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Recently, microalgae, natural marine resources, have gained increasing interests as a feed for animals. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae are single-cell microorganisms that have been used to provide nutrition to humans and animals for centuries. In the present review, we unveil the composition and nutritive value of C. vulgaris microalgae as a feed for ruminants. Research has shown that inclusion of C. vulgaris microalgae in diets improved feed utilization, milk production and quality, growth performance, and meat quality in ruminants, as a result of improved diet nutritive value leading to improved feed utilization. Very low doses of C. vulgaris in feed enhance growth and lactational performance of ruminants. Additionally, C. vulgaris showed very promising results as an alternative to corn and soybean meal; however, it is an expensive protein feed. Therefore, the main constraint to use of C. vulgaris as a feedstuff is its high cost of production, making improvement of cultivation technology to reduce the production costs a critical issue in the near future.

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Section: Ruminal Microflora and Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in Ruminant Nutrition: a Review of the Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value

Kholif

Olafadehan

2021

Annals of Animal Science

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“…Mean concentration of Ca in E. superba (1.5 g/kg DM), E. macrostachyus (1.2 g/kg DM) and C. ciliaris (1 g/kg DM) was much less than 6 g/kg DM recommended for livestock (Juknevi cius and Sabiene 2007;NRC 2000;Erickson and Kalscheur 2020). Calcium requirements in growing, gestating and lactating beef cattle are up to 8, 3 and 6 g/kg DM, respectively (Greene 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Forage value of vegetative leaf and stem biomass fractions of selected grasses indigenous to African rangelands

et al. 2021

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Context. Rangeland grasses native to Africa constitute the main diet for free-ranging livestock and wild herbivores. Leaf:stem ratio is a key characteristic used for assessing quality of forages. However, studies to determine the allocation of biomass to leaves and stems as well as chemical components and nutritive value, especially of grasses in African rangelands, are rare.Aim. This study was conducted to establish biomass allocation and chemical and mineral components in leaf and stem fractions of three grasses, Eragrostis superba, Enteropogon macrostachyus and Cenchrus ciliaris, all indigenous to African rangelands.Methods. Plant height, plant densities, plant tiller densities and biomass yields were estimated at the elongation stage, before inflorescence. Chemical and mineral components were determined from biomass harvested at the vegetative phase for all three grass species. Dry matter, ash content, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, and calcium, phosphorus and potassium contents were determined.Key results. Enteropogon macrostachyus displayed significantly greater plant and tiller densities and plant height than the other two species. Leaf and stem biomass fractions varied significantly (P < 0.05) among grasses. Leaf:stem ratio of E. superba was double that of E. macrostachyus and C. ciliaris. Crude protein and organic matter yields and net energy for lactation were highest (P < 0.05) in E. superba leaf biomass, as was Ca content.Conclusions. Eragrostis superba demonstrated greater potential as a forage species for ruminant animal production than E. macrostachyus and C. ciliaris.Implications. Eragrostis superba is a key forage species that warrants promotion in pasture establishment programs in its native environments.

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“…Consequently, the diets differed only for the energy source (fat vs. starch) and not for the energy density. Another key point is that the amount of supplemental fat will be important to improve or maintain dry matter intake and MY without compromising ruminal function (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Vegetable Sources Rich in Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Milk Production, Composition, and Cheese Fatty Acid Profile in Sheep: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of different dietary vegetable sources rich in unsaturated FA (UFA) on sheep cheese FA profile. This study also quantified the overall effect of feeding sheep with vegetable sources rich in UFA (linseed, flaxseed, sunflower seed, canola, olive oil, bran oil, and olive cake), on milk yield (MY) and milk composition. A literature search was conducted to identify papers published from 2000 to 2019. Effect size for all parameters was calculated as standardized mean difference. Heterogeneity was determined using I2 statistic, while meta-regression was used to examine factors influencing heterogeneity. Effect size was not significant for MY, milk fat percentage (MFP), and milk protein percentage (MPP). Dietary inclusion of vegetable sources rich in UFA decreased the effect size for C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 and increased the effect size for C18:0, C18:1 t-11, C18:1 c-9, C18:2 c-9, t-11, C18:2 n-6, and C18:3 n-3. Heterogeneity was significant for MY, MFP, MPP, and overall cheese FA profile. Meta-regression revealed days in milk as a contributing factor to the heterogeneity observed in MFP and MPP. Meta-regression showed that ripening time is one of the factors affecting cheese FA profile heterogeneity while the type of feeding system(preserved roughages vs. pasture) had no effect on heterogeneity. Overall, inclusion of dietary vegetable sources rich in UFA in sheep diets would be an effective nutritional strategy to decrease saturated FA and increase polyunsaturated FA contents in cheeses without detrimental effects on MY, MFF, and MPP.

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Nutrition and feeding of dairy cattle

Cited by 93 publications

References 33 publications

Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in Ruminant Nutrition: a Review of the Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value

Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in Ruminant Nutrition: a Review of the Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value

Forage value of vegetative leaf and stem biomass fractions of selected grasses indigenous to African rangelands

Effect of Dietary Vegetable Sources Rich in Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Milk Production, Composition, and Cheese Fatty Acid Profile in Sheep: A Meta-Analysis

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