Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

Abstract

Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites. Diet high in fat is a strong link to, and perhaps causes, a high incidence of tumours. Trans-fatty acid might impair the function and it could be involved in the development of cancer. Cholesterol is also strongly suspected to be involved in the development of tumours, therefore it is important for everyone to eat well, especially for people with cancer to prevent the body tissues from breaking down and helping to rebuild the normal tissue that may have been affected by the treatments. Factors secreted by adipocytes and macrophages such as TNF-alpha and other inflammatory proteins are involved in inflammation in cancer. In addition, MCSF which up-regulates adipocyte tissue is also important for the stimulation of fat cell proliferation and is expressed by human adipocytes. Many cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-32, IL-33 and MCP-1, are biomarkers for cancer and chronic diseases along with transcription factors NFκB and AP-1; these last two factors are important bioactive substances on the molecular mechanism of the control of genes which in turn affect cellular metabolism. In this paper we revisit the interrelationship between cancer and metabolism.

Diet-induced macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 promotes prostate cancer progression

“…In this study, an HFD containing high amounts of PA influenced MIC1 expression and promoted PCa progression. These findings support the view that altered cytokine levels and signaling influenced by FA dietary content may play a significant role in PCa progression (Tete et al 2012). …”

Randomization to plant-based dietary approaches leads to larger short-term improvements in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and macronutrient intake compared with diets that contain meat

“…Inflammation in the body may play a role in cardiovascular disease and cancer [51]. Because dietary intake can have a significant impact on inflammatory markers [7,8] and observational research has shown that vegetarians have lower levels of CRP than nonvegetarians [12,13], adoption of plantbased dietary approaches may be a potential strategy for reducing inflammation.…”

Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human melanoma cells

“…Natural compounds, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, lycopene, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (PUFA) and genistein, were reported to exert antitumor effects on several cancer cell lines89. These compounds were also shown to possess chemopreventive activity and to potentiate the antitumor effects of standard treatments1011.…”