Nutrition and Brain Neurotransmitters

Cohen, Edith L.; Wurtman, Richard J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7210-7_4

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Als weitere Folge schwerer Mangelernfihrung wird eine gest6rte Dendritenbildung angesehen und damit die gest6rte Ausbildung von Synapsen, dem Sitz der Neurotransmittermolektile [13]. Als weitere Folge schwerer Mangelernfihrung wird eine gest6rte Dendritenbildung angesehen und damit die gest6rte Ausbildung von Synapsen, dem Sitz der Neurotransmittermolektile [13].…”

Section: Auswirkungen Von Mangelern/ihrung Auf Die Einzelnen Bestandtunclassified

“…Mangelernfihrung kann sich auf die Synthese und Menge der charakteristischen und viel-leicht wichtigsten Gehirnbestandteile, der Neurotransmitter, auswirken [13]. Mangelernfihrung kann sich auf die Synthese und Menge der charakteristischen und viel-leicht wichtigsten Gehirnbestandteile, der Neurotransmitter, auswirken [13].…”

Section: Auswirkungen Von Mangelern/ihrung Auf Die Einzelnen Bestandtunclassified

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Kopfumfang und Gehirnentwicklung

Brandt¹

1981

Klin Wochenschr

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Today the close correlation between head circumference growth and brain development in the last weeks of gestation and in the first two years of life is no longer disputed. A recently developed formula even allows for calculations of brain weight based upon head circumference data. Between the ages of 32 postmenstrual weeks and six months after expected date of delivery there is a period of very rapid brain growth in which the weight of the brain quadruples. During this growth spurt there exists an increased vulnerability by unfavorable environmental conditions, such as malnutrition and psychosocial deprivation. The erroneous belief still being prevalent that the brain of the fetus and young infant is spared by malnutrition, can be looked upon as disproved by new research results. Severe malnutrition during the brain growth spurt is thought to be a very important non-genetic factor influencing the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and therewith intellectual performance. In the past a permanent growth retardation of head circumference and a reduced intellectual capacity usually was observed in small-for-gestational age infants (SGA). Nowadays, however, there can be found also proofs of successful catch-up growth of head circumference and normal intellectual development after early and high-energy postnatal feeding of SGA infants. The development of SGA infants of even very low birth weight can be supported in such a way that it takes a normal course by providing good environmental conditions, such as appropriate nutrition - especially during the early growth period - and a stimulating environment with abundant attention by the mother.

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Section: Auswirkungen Von Mangelern/ihrung Auf Die Einzelnen Bestandtunclassified

Kopfumfang und Gehirnentwicklung

Brandt¹

1981

Klin Wochenschr

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“…This may have consequences for future motor coordination and may be responsible for the "clumsy child" and some of the manijfestations known äs "minimal cerebral dysfunction". As a further effect from severe malnutrition is discussed a suppressed arborization of growing neurons and the impaired formation of synaptic boutons and terminals (the loci of most neurotransmitter molecules) [25]. Synapses: SHOEMAKER and BLOOM [92], using automated morphometric analyses of synapses by the electron microscope, report that both the frequency of synapses, äs well äs some staining properties can be rnodified by nutrition.…”

Section: Affected Brain Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurotransmitters: Undernutrition might also affect the synthesis and the levels of the brain's most characteristic and prob ably most important constituents, the neurotransmitters [25]. Myelin: In a study of CHASE [23,24], the total cerebroside-sulphatide content of brain stemcerebrum analysed together was approximately 50% in infants with intrauterine undernutrition, compared with appropriately nourished infants.…”

Section: Affected Brain Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article

1981

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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“…12 After being transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), Tyr is utilized as a precursor for catecholamine synthesis. 4,19 Brain concentrations of Tyr are generally low as compared to other amino acids, 0.06-0.08×10 -4 M. However, the affinity constant for the rate limiting enzyme for catecholamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase, is relatively high (Km--0.1 mM), suggesting an excess of enzyme activity relative to substrate availability. 4 Another factor that may regulate the availability of tyrosine within the brain is the concentration of other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) that compete with Tyr for transport across the BBB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain large neutral amino acids and catecholamines in parenterally nourished preterm rabbits

Lopez

Rassin

1995

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been adapted as a standard for providing nutrition to ill term and preterm infants. The availability of tyrosine in amino acid preparations utilized for TPN is limited and may potentiate a tyrosine-deficient state. Phenlyalanine hydroxylase activity, responsible for catalyzing tyrosine synthesis, has been suggested to be decreased in fetal and neonatal animals. Parenterally nourished premature rabbits (n = 16) and suckled rabbits (n = 19) were studied in order to compare growth parameters and amino acids in the plasma and brain, as well as whole brain catecholamine concentrations. Influx velocities into the brain of amino acids were also determined in these two groups. The preterm rabbit's average birth weight (42.6 +/- 6.0) was less than that of term rabbits (56.7 +/- 8.7, P < 0.005). Significantly lower concentrations of the catecholamine precursor tyrosine were found in both the plasma and brain of the parenterally nourished animals compared to the suckled animals. Tyrosine is reduced in the brain in TPN-supported animals reflecting both low tyrosine intake and increased plasma concentrations of large neutral amino acids that compete for uptake at the blood-brain barrier. However, no difference was observed between the two groups in their brain catecholamine concentrations. The seven-day parenterally nourished rabbit appears to be tyrosine-deficient but no evident effects on brain catecholamine concentrations were seen. The effects and impact of a tyrosine-deficient state might better be evaluated by regional evaluation of catecholaminergic areas of the brain or over a longer period of parenteral nutrition.

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Nutrition and Brain Neurotransmitters

Cited by 10 publications

References 82 publications

Kopfumfang und Gehirnentwicklung

Kopfumfang und Gehirnentwicklung

Review article

Brain large neutral amino acids and catecholamines in parenterally nourished preterm rabbits

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