Nutrigenomics in Arma chinensis: Transcriptome Analysis of Arma chinensis Fed on Artificial Diet and Chinese Oak Silk Moth Antheraea pernyi Pupae

Abstract

BackgroundThe insect predator, Arma chinensis, is capable of effectively controlling many pests, such as Colorado potato beetle, cotton bollworm, and mirid bugs. Our previous study demonstrated several life history parameters were diminished for A. chinensis reared on an artificial diet compared to a natural food source like the Chinese oak silk moth pupae. The molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritive impact of the artificial diet on A. chinensis health are unclear. So we utilized transcriptome information to better understand the impact of the artificial diet on A. chinensis at the molecular level.Methodology/Principal FindingsIllumina HiSeq2000 was used to sequence 4.79 and 4.70 Gb of the transcriptome from pupae-fed and artificial diet-fed A. chinensis libraries, respectively, and a de novo transcriptome assembly was performed (Trinity short read assembler). This resulted in 112,029 and 98,724 contigs, clustered into 54,083 and 54,169 unigenes for pupae-fed and diet-fed A. chinensis, respectively. Unigenes from each sample’s assembly underwent sequence splicing and redundancy removal to acquire non-redundant unigenes. We obtained 55,189 unigenes of A. chinensis, including 12,046 distinct clusters and 43,143 distinct singletons. Unigene sequences were aligned by BLASTx to nr, Swiss-Prot, KEGG and COG (E-value <10−5), and further aligned by BLASTn to nt (E-value <10−5), retrieving proteins of highest sequence similarity with the given unigenes along with their protein functional annotations. Totally, 22,964, 7,898, 18,069, 15,416, 8,066 and 5,341 unigenes were annotated in nr, nt, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG and GO, respectively. We compared gene expression variations and found thousands of genes were differentially expressed between pupae-fed and diet-fed A. chinensis.Conclusions/SignificanceOur study provides abundant genomic data and offers comprehensive sequence information for studying A. chinensis. Additionally, the physiological roles of the differentially expressed genes enable us to predict effects of some dietary ingredients and subsequently propose formulation improvements to artificial diets.

Nutritional and reproductive signaling revealed by comparative gene expression analysis in Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) at different nutritional statuses

“…pallens InR1 and InR2 were up-regulated at fed condition (Table 3). In previous reports, InR always increase expression when sufficient nourishment is available [18,37]. The sharp increase of InR1 expression at fed condition led us to conclude that InR1 is the key player in nutritional and reproductive signaling of C .…”

Transcriptome Analysis of Calcium- and Hormone-Related Gene Expressions during Different Stages of Peanut Pod Development

“…The Blast2 GO was used to obtain Gene Ontology (GO) annotations for the unigenes, as well as for KEGG and COG analysis (Conesa et al, 2005). The WEGO software was then used to perform GO functional classification of all unigenes to view the distribution of gene functions of the species at the macro level (Ye et al, 2006). It was mapped all of the annotated unigenes to GO terms in the database and calculated the number of unigenes associated with every term.…”

Effects of Phytosterol in Feed on Growth and Related Gene Expression in Muscles of Broiler Chickens

“…mTOR has been demonstrated to integrate nutrient and growth factor signals via multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation of the protein kinase, S6K1, and the translation factor, 4E-BP1, resulting in modulation of protein synthesis and cell growth [7,17]. The activation of mTOR, a major protein kinase that modulates translation initiation components, is regulated by nutrients [7,[17][18][19]. Phosphorylation of mTOR, which activates the kinase, is stimulated by both insulin and/or amino acids [18].…”

“…Phosphorylation of mTOR, which activates the kinase, is stimulated by both insulin and/or amino acids [18]. Furthermore, the association of raptor with mTOR is essential for TOR signalling and the binding of mTOR with 4E-BP1 and S6K1 [18,19]. mTOR is considered a master protein kinase that is regulated independently by insulin, amino acids, and energy sufficiency, and mTOR participates in the control of protein synthesis components that are responsible for cell growth [7,20].…”