Nutrigenomics: From Molecular Nutrition to Prevention of Disease

Afman, Lydia A.; Müller, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.01.001

Cited by 218 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Nutritional genomics or nutrigenomics deals with the genome-wide influences of nutrition and studies the effects of dietary components on gene expression patterns (transcriptome), chromatin organization (epigenome), protein expression patterns (proteome) and metabolite profiles (metabolome) (Afman and Muller, 2006). Macronutrients (fats, carbohydrates and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and food components like flavonoids all participate in the binding of nuclear receptors to response elements in gene promoter regions (Muller and Kersten, 2003) and, through the resulting co-repressor dissociation and co-activator recruitment, facilitate transcriptional activation.…”

Section: Nutrigenomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, individual-specific variation in the degree of gene expression may be considerable (Radich et al, 2004) and variation in environmental factors for the different experimental animals may cause false positives. Realistically, in the near future complex problems within the field of nutrigenomics may need to be downsized to small feasible projects that, for example, make use of model systems (Afman and Muller, 2006).…”

Section: Nutrigenomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression profiles of genes regulating dairy cow fertility: recent findings, ongoing activities and future possibilities

Beerda

Wyszyńska-Koko

Pas

et al. 2008

Animal

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Subfertility has negative effects for dairy farm profitability, animal welfare and sustainability of animal production. Increasing herd sizes and economic pressures restrict the amount of time that farmers can spend on counteractive management. Genetic improvement will become increasingly important to restore reproductive performance. Complementary to traditional breeding value estimation procedures, genomic selection based on genome-wide information will become more widely applied. Functional genomics, including transcriptomics (gene expression profiling), produces the information to understand the consequences of selection as it helps to unravel physiological mechanisms underlying female fertility traits. Insight into the latter is needed to develop new effective management strategies to combat subfertility. Here, the importance of functional genomics for dairy cow reproduction so far and in the near future is evaluated. Recent gene profiling studies in the field of dairy cow fertility are reviewed and new data are presented on genes that are expressed in the brains of dairy cows and that are involved in dairy cow oestrus (behaviour). Fast-developing new research areas in the field of functional genomics, such as epigenetics, RNA interference, variable copy numbers and nutrigenomics, are discussed including their promising future value for dairy cow fertility.

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Section: Nutrigenomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nutrigenomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression profiles of genes regulating dairy cow fertility: recent findings, ongoing activities and future possibilities

Beerda

Wyszyńska-Koko

Pas

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Several commercial companies already offer nutrigenetic tests direct to consumers or through health practitioners and results may be linked to nutritional advice to reduce disease risk. Many authors have questioned the validity and reliability of these tests (3,4,5,6,7) .Nutritional therapy is a complementary therapy that offers individualised holistic nutritional advice to patients in order to optimise their health. There is growing interest among nutritional therapists (NT) in using commercially available nutrigenetic tests to inform personalised dietary advice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenetic testing and personalised nutrition: a qualitative study

Richardson

Mason

2011

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Genetic differences between individuals can affect metabolic processes and nutrient requirements (1) . Some of these genetic differences involve alterations of individual nucleotides in the DNA sequence (SNP). Nutrigenetic tests can screen the DNA of individuals to identify SNP that may affect disease risk (2) . Several commercial companies already offer nutrigenetic tests direct to consumers or through health practitioners and results may be linked to nutritional advice to reduce disease risk. Many authors have questioned the validity and reliability of these tests (3,4,5,6,7) .Nutritional therapy is a complementary therapy that offers individualised holistic nutritional advice to patients in order to optimise their health. There is growing interest among nutritional therapists (NT) in using commercially available nutrigenetic tests to inform personalised dietary advice. The use of these tests within nutritional therapy practice already occurs and is expected to rise (McGinty S, unpublished results). This study aims to explore the views of NT about the use of nutrigenetic tests using a qualitative approach.Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Worcester. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with NT (n 10). The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcript of each data item was read and re-read. Codes were identified inductively and data were assigned to them (8) . A thematic map was generated and codes were aggregated into themes; the effects of nutrigenetic tests on consultations, patient motivation and compliance, counselling requirements, test reliability and validity, public health implications, nutritional therapy education and practice boundaries.The findings suggest that NT believed that nutrigenetic tests would not have a great impact on consultations as they would only form one part of a holistic assessment and that advice currently given would protect against major chronic diseases. There was a view that most patients would not choose to take a nutrigenetic test due to cost and because tests are pre-emptive and people are unlikely to take them while they are healthy. Test results and personalised nutrition advice were expected to affect patient motivation and compliance but could have positive and negative effects. NT emphasised the importance of pre-and post-test counselling to ensure that patients were well supported and advised. The reliability and validity of the tests was a concern for some NT in the study. Some did not feel that nutrigenetic tests should be offered by NT. Concerns about the implications of nutrigenetic testing on wider issues such as public health were also expressed.Most NT who participated in this study did not feel confident in the use of nutrigenetic tests but felt that such tests would become more widely used in the future. Practitioner education should embrace the controversies and debate about nutrigenetic testing and personalised nutrition, to facilitate NT contribution to research and evidence based practice.

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“…While the major differences are important for classification and identification of individual response genes, the smaller changes are an integral part of the physiological response and are essential for the identification of the physiological processes that are affected by the challenge or intervention. This is especially true in nutrition, where dietary interventions result in modest, but biologically important gene expression changes (1,12,33). In the medical field it is also increasingly recognized that the more subtle changes contribute importantly to the outcome (30,31,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%