Nutrients Intake and Physical Activity Levels Assessment Among University Students and Secondary School Students in North Central Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: In recent years, the escalating prevalence of nutrition-related health issues such as malnutrition, foodborne illnesses, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), obesity, and diabetes has become a significant concern globally. NCDs, which are on the rise in Nigeria, are a significant threat to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and have been associated with genetic, environmental, and behavioral risk factors. These issues may be avoided by making changes to eating habits, adjusting lifestyle, among other measures. As the nutritional habits and physical activity patterns of students significantly impact their overall health and well-being. This research aims to comprehensively evaluate the nutrient intake, and physical activity levels among university and secondary school students in North Central Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of university and secondary school students in the North Central region of Nigeria. Participants were surveyed using standardized questionnaires to collect data on nutrients intake and physical activity levels. Nutrient intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires, while Physical activity levels were determined through the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Results: a final sample of 395 university and secondary school students’ participants were investigated. Preliminary findings reveal varying patterns of nutrient intake and physical activity levels among university and secondary school students. The t-values for energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates range from -1.421 to 2.24, with corresponding p-values above the significance level of 0.05. Indicating that, on average, both groups have comparable macronutrient intake patterns In Mineral intake, significant differences can be seen in phosphorous with a p-value of 0.03. There was no statistically significant association between physical activity levels and the student groups (χ2 = 1.612, p = 0.204 > 0.05). Conclusion: This research underscores the importance of a holistic approach to promoting health and well-being among university and secondary school students in North Central Nigeria. The findings contribute valuable information for designing effective interventions that address specific challenges related to nutrient intake and physical activity levels, ultimately fostering a healthier lifestyle among the student population.