Nutrients in Runoff from Cotton Production in the Lower Mississippi River Basin: An On‐Farm Study

Daniels, Mike; Sharpley, Andrew N.; Robertson, Bill; Gbur, Edward E.; Riley, Lee W.; Webb, P.; Singleton, Brittany L.; Free, Amanda; Berry, L. G.; Hallmark, Cory; Nehls, Teresa

doi:10.2134/age2019.05.0033er

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Additional details regarding management practices of these two fields are described in Daniels et al. (2019). The third field (33°48′56.89″ N, 91°18′58.24″ W) consisted of flat‐planted, drill‐seeded, twin‐row, dryland soybean, with 2 years of cereal rye as the CC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second field (33˚49′24.87″ N, 91˚19′56.08″ W) was cropped with furrow-irrigated cotton on narrow-spaced (with 60-cm furrow widths), raised beds with one area with 2 years of a cereal rye CC and an adjacent area without a CC treatment. Additional details regarding management practices of these two fields are described in Daniels et al (2019). The third field (33˚48′56.89″ N, 91˚18′58.24″ W) consisted of flat-planted, drill-seeded, twin-row, dryland soybean, with 2 years of cereal rye as the CC.…”

Section: Site Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cover crop effects on infiltration, aggregate stability, and water retention in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

Lebeau

Brye

Daniels

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Cover crops are widely considered to improve soil health in the form of erosion control, organic matter additions, and improving water‐holding capacity. Despite the generally well‐documented benefits, cover crops remain under‐studied in the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV), an area historically dominated by intensive cultivated agriculture, with soils prone to erosion, and where the need for irrigation has led to unsustainable aquifer withdrawals. The objective of this study was to evaluate cover crop (with cover crops [CC] and without cover crops [NCC]) effects on near‐surface soil physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties. Soil sample collection and in situ measurements were conducted, once per site, between May 2018 and May 2019 across four locations within the LMRV portion of eastern Arkansas. Overall and steady‐state infiltration rates were unaffected (p > .05) by cover‐crop treatment. Across all locations, extractable soil Na content in the top 10 cm was greater (p ≤ .05) with NCC (31.6 kg ha−1) compared with CC (21.6 kg ha−1). Averaged across treatment and soil depth (0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm), water‐stable aggregate concentration in the 0.25‐ to 0.5‐ (0.101 g g−1) was 1.5 times greater (p ≤ .05) than that in the 1.0‐ to 2.0‐mm size class (0.068 g g−1). Though many soil properties did not significantly differ between CC treatments due to their collective variations, results of this study demonstrate the wide‐spread implications of CC use on physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties across a region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover crop effects on infiltration, aggregate stability, and water retention in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

Lebeau

Brye

Daniels

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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“…This study site was located on a privately‐owned farm, the C.B. Stevens Farm located in Desha County where corn and cotton are primarily grown (Daniels et al., 2019; Fryer et al., 2019). Four fields were selected based on the fact that they were hydrologically isolated from inputs other than rainfall and irrigation (i.e., run‐on from other fields).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium losses in runoff from cotton production fields

Daniels¹,

Fryer²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2023

Agronomy Journal

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Potassium (K) loss in runoff represents a potential financial concern since fertilizer‐K is routinely applied to sustain optimal crop K nutrition and yield potential. Our research objectives were to quantify and characterize the soluble‐K loss in runoff from fields used for continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production while determining if the time of the year (growing season vs. nongrowing season), type of hydrological event (irrigation vs. rainfall), and cover crops influence K loss in runoff. Field‐scale, edge‐of‐field monitoring of runoff water and its soluble‐K concentration was performed on 10 site years in southeastern Arkansas across three production seasons. The mean K loss in surface runoff per event was 0.98 kg ha−1 across all sites and events (n = 304). The relationship between loss of K mass to runoff volume was positive and significantly correlated (p < 0.0001) when both variables were transformed by the natural logarithm. K loss during the growing season was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the cotton growing season whereas K loss resulting from runoff events generated by either irrigation or rainfall was not significant. Additionally, losses from fields with cover crops were significantly larger (p < −0.05) than from fields without covers. Cumulative annual‐K loss, between annual fertilizer‐K applications, averaged 32.2 kg K ha−1 across all site years representing a significant economic loss to replace the lost K with fertilizer. This study illustrates the increased risk of K losses on poorly drained soils in the Southeastern United States. Runoff‐K loss represents a significant amount of K that requires additional research on how to mitigate these losses.

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Cover crop and wheel‐track effects on soil properties under cotton production in eastern Arkansas

Lebeau,

Brye,

Daniels

et al. 2024

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Repetitive use of heavy farm machinery in cultivated agriculture may cause soil compaction that can adversely affect soil‐health‐related properties. Cover crops (CC) are well‐documented to alleviate problems associated with compaction and improve overall soil health in time. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the cumulative effects of CC treatment (i.e., with ≥ 6 years cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] CC and ≥ 4 years with no cover crop [NCC]) and sample/measurement placement (i.e., in the bed [B] and in the wheel‐track [WT] and no‐wheel‐track [NWT] furrow) on near‐surface soil physical‐, chemical‐, and infiltration‐related properties in an alluvial soil under cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Samples were collected and in‐situ measurements were conducted in late May 2019 within a single field in eastern Arkansas. Overall‐infiltration rate was two times greater (p ≤ 0.01) in B compared to WT and NWT placement, which did not differ. Soil bulk density in WT was 1.1 times greater than the other two placements, while soil organic matter was greater in CC‐WT (30.7 Mg ha−1) than in all other treatment‐placement combinations, except for CC‐NWT, which did not differ. Similarly, water‐stable‐aggregate concentration was 2.3 and 1.6 times greater in the CC‐NWT and CC‐WT combinations, respectively, which did not differ, compared to under NCC. Results demonstrated that CC benefits extended beyond the bed to positively affect soil properties in adjacent WT and NWT furrows. Continued small‐scale, long‐term management studies using CC will extend insight into site‐specific, soil‐health improvements.

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Nutrients in Runoff from Cotton Production in the Lower Mississippi River Basin: An On‐Farm Study

Cited by 3 publications

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Cover crop effects on infiltration, aggregate stability, and water retention in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

Cover crop effects on infiltration, aggregate stability, and water retention in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

Potassium losses in runoff from cotton production fields

Cover crop and wheel‐track effects on soil properties under cotton production in eastern Arkansas

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