Nutrients for Cognitive Development in School-aged Children

Bryan, Janet; Osendarp, Saskia; Hughes, Donna; Calvaresi, Eva; Baghurst, Katrine; Klinken, Jan-Willem van

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00055.x

Cited by 273 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Given that almost half (43%) of the women in this sample drank alcohol while breastfeeding and the many nutritional deficits in this sample, newborns may have been at a continued, double postpartum nutrient disadvantage due to inadequate intake of nutrients through breastmilk and further exposure to the teratogenic effect of alcohol for the critical first 18 months of life. Proper nutrition in the first 2 years of life is essential to future cognitive development [50,51], and nutritional deficiencies during brain development can have irreversible changes in structure and function [48]. Independent of alcohol exposure, in utero malnutrition, followed by poor postnatal nutrition, can perpetuate the effect of malnutrition, which can cause severely stunted growth [52] and negatively influence reasoning, visuospatial functions, IQ, language development, attention, learning, and academic achievement [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal nutritional status as a contributing factor for the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

May

Hamrick²,

Corbin

et al. 2016

Reproductive Toxicology

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Objective Compare nutritional status of 57 South African mothers of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) with 148 mothers of controls. Methods Dietary data were analyzed for macronutrients, micronutrients, and fats via Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Adequate Intakes (AI) for pregnant women. Results Virtually all mothers were likely deficient on most micronutrients by either EAR (<50%) or AI values. Mothers of FASD children consumed more of 13 of 25 micronutrients. For percentage below EAR, only vitamin D was significantly higher for FASD mothers. Despite no difference in total food intake, control mothers had a higher mean body mass index (BMI) than FASD mothers. Maternal BMI is more significant for positive child outcomes than any individual nutrient. Conclusions Most mothers have inadequate dietary intake. Minor advantages in nutrient intake are overpowered by teratogenic effects of alcohol. Further study is needed of the interaction of alcohol, maternal nutrition, and metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal nutritional status as a contributing factor for the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

May

Hamrick²,

Corbin

et al. 2016

Reproductive Toxicology

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“…Overall, micronutrient deficiencies are linked to different cognitive impairments, especially iodine and iron,3–6 as well as to potential long-term behavioral changes 6. Generally, a lack of iron in the neonatal period and early childhood is considered as a key to the development of disturbances in cognitive development 7–9. At the same time, there is little consensus about the effectiveness of possible preventive programs 10,11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency and cognitive functions

Jáuregui‐Lobera¹

2014

NDT

222

160

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Micronutrient deficiencies, especially those related to iodine and iron, are linked to different cognitive impairments, as well as to potential long-term behavioral changes. Among the cognitive impairments caused by iron deficiency, those referring to attention span, intelligence, and sensory perception functions are mainly cited, as well as those associated with emotions and behavior, often directly related to the presence of iron deficiency anemia. In addition, iron deficiency without anemia may cause cognitive disturbances. At present, the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is 2%–6% among European children. Given the importance of iron deficiency relative to proper cognitive development and the alterations that can persist through adulthood as a result of this deficiency, the objective of this study was to review the current state of knowledge about this health problem. The relevance of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, the distinction between the cognitive consequences of iron deficiency and those affecting specifically cognitive development, and the debate about the utility of iron supplements are the most relevant and controversial topics. Despite there being methodological differences among studies, there is some evidence that iron supplementation improves cognitive functions. Nevertheless, this must be confirmed by means of adequate follow-up studies among different groups.

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“…It has long been known that a nutritious diet is critical for optimal brain development and function, and that the timing of nutrient supplementation or deprivation also matters (Bryan et al, 2004). Since the program requires that children display healthy growth trajectories, parents have large incentives to ensure that children receive adequate nutrition.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Societal Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfers: Bolsa Família a Decade in

Warby

2018

RIMCIS

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Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) are innovative poverty intervention programs that have been adapted and adopted in dozens of countries around the world. The effectiveness of the programs in the short-term have been established by a number of studies, but they have only recently been around long enough to begin to observe whether they indeed disrupt the inter-generational poverty cycle as claimed. The expected long-term effects are central to the appeal of CCT programs. This empirical study examines the data to determine whether there is evidence that the long-term effects are as apparent as the short-term effects in one of the original adopters, Brazil. The analysis examines municipal level government data using OLS regression and finds evidence that CCTs raised 8th grade graduation rates and lowered unemployment and birthrates. The conclusion is that, at least in Brazil, CCTs seem to be making headway in changing conditions that often lead to inter-generational poverty cycles.

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Nutrients for Cognitive Development in School-aged Children

Cited by 273 publications

References 112 publications

Maternal nutritional status as a contributing factor for the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Maternal nutritional status as a contributing factor for the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Iron deficiency and cognitive functions

Long-term Societal Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfers: Bolsa Família a Decade in

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