Nutrient solutions for Arabidopsis thaliana: a study on nutrient solution composition in hydroponics systems

Abstract

Background: There is little information on the effect of nutrient solutions composition on Arabidopsis growth. Therefore, we compared growth performance of Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) grown on the most commonly used nutrient solutions in deep water culture: Hoagland and Arnon, Murashige and Skoog, Tocquin, Hermans, and Conn. In addition to these nutrient solution composition experiments, we established Arabidopsis growth response curves for nutrient solution concentration and salt stress (NaCl). Results: Arabidopsis rosette fresh and dry weight showed an approximate linear decline with NaCl dose in deep water culture, i.e. 9% reduction relative to control per unit of electrical conductivity (EC in dS m −1 , for scale comprehension 1 dS m −1 equals ~ 10 mM NaCl). The Tocquin, ½Hoagland and Conn nutrient solutions had equal and optimal growth performance. Optimal nutrient solution concentration for Tocquin and Hoagland was 0.8 to 0.9 dS m −1. Close to the EC of ½Hoagland (1.1 dS m −1), which is frequently used in Arabidopsis research. Conn solution showed optimal growth at much higher EC (2 dS m −1) indicating that it is a balanced nutrient solution that matches the needs of Arabidopsis. Full Murashige and Skoog solution (5.9 dS m −1) was lethal and diluted solutions (EC of 1.6 and 1.1 dS m −1) caused stress symptoms and severe growth retardation at later developmental stages. Conclusions: Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) plants grown in deep water culture showed a sixfold growth difference when commonly used nutrient solutions were compared. Murashige and Skoog solution should not be used as nutrient solution in deep water culture. Conn, Tocquin and ½Hoagland are balanced nutrient solutions which result in optimal Arabidopsis growth in hydroponic systems.

Plant Trans-Golgi Network/Early Endosome pH regulation requires Cation Chloride Cotransporter (CCC1)

“…Colmenero-Flores et al,. 2007;Henderson et al, 2015;van Delden et al, 2020) In the TGN/EE, a 1:1 K + :Clion export ratio of plant CCCs would tightly connect the activities of the colocalised ion exchangers NHX5 and NHX6 with CLCd, which contribute to the strict but dynamic regulation of pH. In addition, other transporters such as the potassium efflux antiporters KEA4, KEA5 and KEA6 might also contribute to luminal pH regulation in planta; yet their roles are currently less understood since triple kea4/kea5/kea5 knockouts show a much less severe phenotype compared to nhx5/nhx6, det3, or ccc1 (Dettmer et al, 2006, Colmenero-Flores et al, 2007, Bassil et al, 2011, Zhu et al, 2018.…”

The Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on the Growth, Rhizospheric Environment and Medicinal Quality of Fritillaria taipaiensis

“…The inoculated groups were: Claroideoglomus claroideum treatment group (Cc, about 1360 C. claroideum spores for each container), Racocetra coralloidea treatment group (Rco, about 1430 R. coralloidea spores for each container), potassium solubilizing bacteria treatment group (Ksb, 35 g Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculum for each container), phosphorus solubilizing bacteria treatment group (Psb, 35 g Bacillus megaterium inoculum for each container), a mixed treatment group of C. claroideum, R. coralloidea, potassium solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria group (Mi, mixed inoculation of C. claroideum, R. coralloidea, B. mucilaginosus and B. megaterium, the application amount of each microbial inoculum was the 1/4 of the former 4 groups) and control group (CK, no microbial agents were used). The plants were grown outdoors, each container was watered according to the real time weather and was supplemented with 1000 mL Hoagland's nutrient solution [39] once a week. On 29 May 2018, the bulbs, fibrous roots, leaves, and rhizospheric soils of F. taipaiensis at the beginning of blooming stage were harvested: the leaves were used to determine the activity of protective enzymes and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, and soluble protein immediately after harvest; the bulbs were washed and dried at 45 • C for analysis; the fibrous roots were preserved for mycorrhizal colonization and infection intensity analysis; rhizospheric soil was collected and preserved for soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity determination.…”

Nutrient Dosing Framework for an Emission-Free Urban Hydroponic Production

“…Inevitably, in hydroponics, fertilizer and water are used intensively. For example, as standard conditions, 2–14 mM of nitrate is prepared in the smaller rooted volume ( van Delden et al, 2020 ). However, still, periodic discharge or dumping of waste fertilizer solution is a trade-off for nutrient management.…”